tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50709084633067983492024-03-04T20:17:14.574-08:00Art History GroupAKA - The Thursday Art Group of FiveTag Fivehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09294124628958701964noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-91716909793203155202012-08-08T15:06:00.002-07:002012-08-08T15:06:44.599-07:00Viking Reminders: They're Everywhere<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">I’ve
learned that Vikings are </span><span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro Ext","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Scandinavians</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> from Norway, Sweden and Denmark, so, when referring to
Vikings during the Viking Age I’ll try to be as specific as I can. </span><span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro Ext","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Scandinavians</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">
explored Europe via their longships through trade and warfare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trade:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>what they made to sell; they were excellent craftsman. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Warfare:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>it was a way of life in all of Europe at that period in time as well as the Viking Age. For a time, <span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro Ext","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Scandinavians</span> were
just better at it and gained a reputation because of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one else had used a fleet boats down inland waterways to plunder before. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">My
husband and I were recently vacationing in
<span style="color: #00b0f0;"><a href="http://www.discovernelson.com/htdocs/main.html">Nelson, British Columbia, Canada</a></span> on Kootenay
Lake(camping and touring the area by car).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nelson is only one of many charming
towns around this beautiful lake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
was an odd familiarity about the area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
occurred to me that the landscape of Nelson BC was </span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">reminiscent</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">
of Norway and the infamous fjords.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqWkB_gs3NcYxS9xBYJek6N1hgoG3eXHcdoSubcMd_kOYwkX-VBiazPHmmEZBAq82l5Temn2B-u4oYWDjstwiM3qi_xCS8WsmYMjH3RMjUp3USBUzo_mjzXsB8nXgGAz-zvcCh9IHrLXST/s640/vikings_Nelson+BC+Lake.jpg" width="640" /></td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black;">North</span><span style="color: black;"> Kootenay Lake looking north towards "Twin Bays" (on the left) with Mount Willet in background</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: blue; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Printed with permission of</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://www.dougpyperphoto.com/">Doug Pyper Photographics</a></span> </span></strong></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: black;">Kaslo, British Columbia, Canada</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDFhrQsmqZnUtOnmu2RWfJUI_Hg4ptldoXlHhC5rhkpZMrEjBmqjtDXymiVFGlR5hLWvStiap7-Ar-XSOD2zsh8iHaJbJDSwBVu5wBllkAtAKyzzHwTwhSUi4T5mtPiM4BCwHXTkzhDP2/s1600/Vikings+Geiranger_Norwegen1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDFhrQsmqZnUtOnmu2RWfJUI_Hg4ptldoXlHhC5rhkpZMrEjBmqjtDXymiVFGlR5hLWvStiap7-Ar-XSOD2zsh8iHaJbJDSwBVu5wBllkAtAKyzzHwTwhSUi4T5mtPiM4BCwHXTkzhDP2/s640/Vikings+Geiranger_Norwegen1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="description"><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-ansi-language: DE;">Fjord in Geiranger Norway, Author: </span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Hesse1309" title="User:Hesse1309"><span style="color: blue;">Hesse1309</span></a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue;">Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Boats—it was all about boats. Viking life revolved around this mode of transportation on their myriad waterways (fjords).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boats are called longships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are long and flat-bottomed; swift and
graceful; crews could row or sail them. Longships could be <span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">maneuvered ashore on
coastlines, lakes </span>or
riverbanks; they were meticulously made by hand with stunning accoutrement; and they traveled
easily in high seas, lakes or rivers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually,
they traveled in fleets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These longships were
so important to the Viking culture they became interment vessels; the <span style="color: #00b0f0;"><a href="http://arthistorygroup.blogspot.com/2012/06/its-sutton-who.html">Sutton Hoo</a> </span>being only one example.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZHlBDXuliVCtGlg41bqvqAF9ajzwbKQ9RoncIQsXx0-pwGZ7Yke2t35Oay55BzoQTMMnXZS11uyT_N0z5L_K2gS0T3LVoM6tuUWEjAKv662Ge9dDVJolMhUS2rSOKAl17HzRLpsq5nAv_/s1600/norwegian+boat_Oslo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZHlBDXuliVCtGlg41bqvqAF9ajzwbKQ9RoncIQsXx0-pwGZ7Yke2t35Oay55BzoQTMMnXZS11uyT_N0z5L_K2gS0T3LVoM6tuUWEjAKv662Ge9dDVJolMhUS2rSOKAl17HzRLpsq5nAv_/s640/norwegian+boat_Oslo.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: xx-small;">Viking Ship Museum and the Oseberg Ship, Oslo, Norway.</span></span><br />
<span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: xx-small;">Creative Commons</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: xx-small;"> Attribution-Share Alike</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Much to my surprise, while watching a <span style="color: #00b0f0;"><span id="goog_1490040807"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/">crew race broadcast from the Olympics</a></span> (<span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>this link to a video takes a few seconds to come up</em></span>), I heard the commentator
reference Vikings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said: “If you
stand here as a spectator, you can kind of imagine what it would have been like
standing on the shores watching a Viking invasion.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said this at minute 1:29
into the race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crew rowing is </span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">reminiscent</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">
of a longship—just a scaled down version. <a href="http://webtv.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/indexuk.aspx?tagsid=642">Oars power skimming the water’s surface . . . squint . . . you’ll see similarities</a>. The commentator's imagination saw a fleet of Viking longships.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIdFRU42AsMzxCfqjapYvwsskbkjydIF-fOsdH2DsxebROoWGQ_U5jKtFeQG8k8QeO6gMJrYHEIUwowxkZvjmDVLldgAPW0W9jzxIcLoa6msoUf1YipxLgYFkfKh0oOKgBsJfVth9uGe6Y/s1600/Viking_1910_varsity-crew.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIdFRU42AsMzxCfqjapYvwsskbkjydIF-fOsdH2DsxebROoWGQ_U5jKtFeQG8k8QeO6gMJrYHEIUwowxkZvjmDVLldgAPW0W9jzxIcLoa6msoUf1YipxLgYFkfKh0oOKgBsJfVth9uGe6Y/s640/Viking_1910_varsity-crew.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Syracuse University rowing crew about 1910 on Onondaga Lake, </span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">Post Card from Onondaga </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">County Public Library collection, </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;">Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Where did the Vikings go with all these longships?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.visitnorway.com/us/About-Norway/History/Historical-milestones/">Vikings from Norway</a></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> raided and/or settled in, among other places, Scotland, <span style="color: #00b0f0;"><a href="http://www.jorvik-viking-centre.co.uk/visit-jorvik/142-/">England</a></span>, Ireland, Germany and France (they already
lived in Normandy). and some in Muslim Spain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.sverigeturism.se/smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/history/vikings.html"><span style="font-size: large;">SwedishVikings</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> mainly traveled and settled east into Russia and down Volga River to
the Black Sea and Constantinople.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><a href="http://www.wonderful-denmark.com/danish-vikings.html"><span style="font-size: large;">DanishVikings</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> moved to the south towards the British Isles and Ireland (and Normandy).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">What was happening in the other European countries? The
art of the day was Christian art; the Christian religion was becoming the religion
of the rulers (states) in power; monasteries were making biblical manuscripts
in mass in all but the </span><span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro Ext","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">Scandinavian's </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">native countries. The Vikings may have been conquerors
but had not been conquered, per se. There weren’t navies to reciprocate where they navigated their
longships. To me, this seems </span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;">reminiscent</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R";">of early
Rome's conquests by land. That's partially how the upper echelon in Rome became rich--collecting booty in a lot of cases. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R";">Learning about art history is learning about history simultaneously.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R";">Mary B.</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">P.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The word ‘Viking’
</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">originally meant making an expedition
or journey by water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Subsequently, it evolved.
Now, if one asks what the word ‘Viking’ means, the answer may be a raiding Norwegian
wearing a horned helmet collecting booty (stolen goods taken by means of a boat). </span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Heiti Std R","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">Reminiscently, </span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">the word ‘booty’ means a collection of goods taken by
force or stolen—loot. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least it did
mean that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Nowadays, it’s evolving.</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"> If
one asks a young person what ‘booty’ is, one may receive a wholllllle different
answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m just saying . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-14599861061854552262012-08-06T12:55:00.003-07:002012-08-06T12:55:50.319-07:00Past and Present: A Refuge<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXlJ1zUhMe7O6Zg-2rhUZcPdtfUkj88FxfoJyO1NarV1kJJEhhi31fLlWeieT70v57C7frOQjBbsAbePtGMmefZf2i2GEoeKmSCHYXa-R-RpDIGFe29IyjTH_5zSmLyaeklQaH40rn8qK/s1600/Afganistan+map1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXlJ1zUhMe7O6Zg-2rhUZcPdtfUkj88FxfoJyO1NarV1kJJEhhi31fLlWeieT70v57C7frOQjBbsAbePtGMmefZf2i2GEoeKmSCHYXa-R-RpDIGFe29IyjTH_5zSmLyaeklQaH40rn8qK/s320/Afganistan+map1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";">My favorite medium
for creating textile art is silk fabric.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
R</span>esearch of this textile brought me to a passion for all things
related to silk, including the Silk Road. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <span style="color: #00b050;"><a href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/afghanistan/bamiyan.html">Bamiyan Valley,</a></span> located in the Hindu Kush mountain
range, was a stop on the Silk Road for road-weary travelers, merchants and
caravans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, Buddhist pilgrims came there
for monastic study. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><strong><span style="background: yellow; font-family: Harrington; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-highlight: yellow;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Adobe Song Std L","serif"; font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="color: magenta;">ilk</span></span></strong></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Song Std L","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When adding the words textile and China
together thoughts of silk enter my mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In ancient times, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silk Road</i>
connected the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">East</i> to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">West</i>—from China to the Roman Empire and
beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One route passed through the
Bamiyan Valley, formerly a district of the Persian Empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There, two colossal statues of the Buddha
were carved into the mountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
tallest is about 180 feet, the height of a 10 story building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Monasteries housing monks, and chapels for
pilgrims were carved into the rock surrounding these two statues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The figures were painted gold and draped in
silk.</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Adobe Song Std L","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Around<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> two thousand years later</i>, the giant statues were in disrepair and
the niches occupied by homeless Afghan refugees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A small group of people ruling Afghanistan
called Taliban were determined to destroy these statues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A cry of protest echoed from around the
world, including the people of Afghanistan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On March 1, 2001 this wonder of the ancient world was obliterated.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";">I wrote those words in 2001 about the fiber collage pictured below that I was compelled to create in order to process and understand the mentioned <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/archaeology/2001-03-22-afghan-buddhas.htm">destruction</a>.</span></span><br />
<o:p></o:p>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Mne0SshB5U2VtEffm5a7c5OfyFs7_EXMmuycyknwYEu-pDW7OylWlRbkLGlh5iD51efZ42Zj1pDhSNFtG5uAk2BkBprmidokAe-aTflq5jO05UKE3RK1gXEkT2iPRSrT9G0iJ0gquAtO/s1600/Buddha+quilt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Mne0SshB5U2VtEffm5a7c5OfyFs7_EXMmuycyknwYEu-pDW7OylWlRbkLGlh5iD51efZ42Zj1pDhSNFtG5uAk2BkBprmidokAe-aTflq5jO05UKE3RK1gXEkT2iPRSrT9G0iJ0gquAtO/s1600/Buddha+quilt.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">"Old Man Sitting on a Yellow Rock" 24" x 55" </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";"><o:p>At times, that’s what I do with the making of art―come to an understanding of a particular subject matter. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>It was my first year of art college and, at 50 years old, I had just read the book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Siddhartha</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>My world view and life were changing dramatically and quickly as I was totally immersed in art. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Then, this occurred. </o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";"><o:p><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The statues had already incurred disfigurement (literally) in prior years. My question was simply, why was distruction necessary? Among other answers: It didn’t destroy what it represented; it changed nothing but the physical image of its history; and it brought both site and sight back to prominence―it was part the flow Siddhartha learned and accepted.</o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqUcGbcIUQlIok56Tf9xtxeO6JrTFOoek90lKCo-xVQqYhzHy5xvx5ppmtQqroiXE_aKWV5MsxosbXTeKuJInxbZ_838TfKKL0eLvzABApd84wJxI8VeHck6w9YPn0OqEiU61J5EW0CR0/s1600/Buddha+with_without.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmqUcGbcIUQlIok56Tf9xtxeO6JrTFOoek90lKCo-xVQqYhzHy5xvx5ppmtQqroiXE_aKWV5MsxosbXTeKuJInxbZ_838TfKKL0eLvzABApd84wJxI8VeHck6w9YPn0OqEiU61J5EW0CR0/s640/Buddha+with_without.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The taller Buddha of Bamiyan before (left picture) and after destruction (right).</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Derivative work: <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Zaccarias" title="User:Zaccarias"><span style="color: blue;">Zaccarias</span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Creative Commons</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a><o:p></o:p></u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">
</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";">The TAG-5’s
exploration of art in an historical context has brought these statues back into
my focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary L. knew my journey making
this piece and a few weeks ago gave me an article (at a TAG-5 meeting) from
a <span style="color: #00b050;"><a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/10/visions-now-next#/next/2">National Geographic magazine</a></span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She knew I would be interested in new
information regarding these statues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
only was I excited to read about it, I was excited to learn more about the
materials used in creating these sculptures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They consist of sandstone, clay plaster and
goat hairs which prevent cracking when the clay dried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note that the draping on one of the statues
had a Greco-Roman influence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking
at the images <span style="color: #00b050;"><a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/10/visions-now-next#/next/2">NationalGeographic magazine</a></span>, one can imagine how beautiful the statues would
have appeared when draped in yards and yards of colorful silk in contrast to
the desert's tan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my imagination, it was
like a beacon to those needing an oasis. A hint of this contrast is the woman’s attire on the link to National Geographic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZCUrqNGvR8o1ycyRrcKdYjslILIuML8uhYjigfpoKXmXwIERQ1ds-mP2Zf4XpJ-fM43iRHemhFfu8Filbmmj8OvrtB8w_A1FKIpe9z815v1JeAsRUOrMxi3zaWNUIAA5bHE0Yo5qjE2Jl/s1600/buddha+statue+one.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZCUrqNGvR8o1ycyRrcKdYjslILIuML8uhYjigfpoKXmXwIERQ1ds-mP2Zf4XpJ-fM43iRHemhFfu8Filbmmj8OvrtB8w_A1FKIpe9z815v1JeAsRUOrMxi3zaWNUIAA5bHE0Yo5qjE2Jl/s640/buddha+statue+one.jpg" width="434" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Statue of Buddha (1976)</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Author: Marco Bonavoglia<span style="font-size: small;">
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<u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Creative Commons</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a></u></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mBz5u_Me85M71E2pzUkGeYSPi6i2AjgAySC2JYJQXAoNuovgdFjpMcrZREZvIlcueHCH5a_j5ELyhNNfA2m4Y1BlYiU98ke26tYBePH8m1IKgJlc2BKXuYgpOn3Jm1vBhBYJJdkvAGxS/s1600/buddha+statue+two.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4mBz5u_Me85M71E2pzUkGeYSPi6i2AjgAySC2JYJQXAoNuovgdFjpMcrZREZvIlcueHCH5a_j5ELyhNNfA2m4Y1BlYiU98ke26tYBePH8m1IKgJlc2BKXuYgpOn3Jm1vBhBYJJdkvAGxS/s640/buddha+statue+two.jpg" width="455" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Closer view of statue of Buddha (1976)Author: Marco Bonavoglia</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Creative Commons</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a><o:p></o:p></u></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";">Why am I explaining
all this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As mentioned in previous posts,
there is always new technology that helps understand art and its history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this case, there are researchers at Aachen
University, Germany, developing 3-D technology to recreate these statues “virtually”
based on the fragments in the niches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
one of the great wonders of the world, it is not gone forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, we may get a better sense of what it
looked like in its original state. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";"><o:p>Mary B. </o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Adobe Song Std L";">P.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My scroll-style silk fabric collage has been rolled up for a
very long time; I decided it was time to unroll it for you.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-60304283397231652192012-08-02T17:30:00.000-07:002012-08-02T17:30:03.299-07:00It Has Arrived!<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">The TAG-5 is very excited to announce an article written
about our group has been published in the current issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.quiltingdaily.com/blogs/quiltingarts/archive/2012/07/31/quilting-arts-magazine-august-september-2012.aspx"><span style="color: blue;">Quilting
Arts Magazine</span></a></i>(August/September 2012). The article, by <a href="http://fibraartysta.blogspot.com/2012/07/publishing-news-my-take-on-sketchbooks.html"><span style="color: blue;">Lynn
Krawczyk</span></a>, gives our readers more background as to who we are and what we do
as artists. It was fun for us to see which images of our work were chosen for
this article. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">Our intention is to inspire each of our blog readers as we
share some of our art history studies with you.</span></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Replenishing Your Creative
Well:<br />
Fiber Art Groups<br />
</span></b><i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lynn Krawczyk<br />
</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Thursday Art Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mary B</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-73715278988496521862012-07-15T19:43:00.003-07:002012-07-16T11:30:29.846-07:00Tomatoes and Vikings??<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">What
happens when summer finally arrives in the Pacific Northwest?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">L I F E</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">My husband renamed the month of June this year to Junuary because
there was so much cold and rain with very few sunny days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
planted my small garden too early in the month of May and it is still suffering
from the too early syndrome as there wasn’t enough sun in June.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 1pt; line-height: 115%;">Mary B’s leggy tomato plants in the middle of July!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">The TAG-5 is simply a group of women who’ve experienced </span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L I F E</b> lately―children graduating from
college or coming home for the summer from college; children moving to another
state with the first grandchild in tow; elderly parents who are infirm and needing
to downsize and move; and the passing of a parent to name a few of the personal
things.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Then there are the other <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L I F E</b> things: vacations and planning vacations, TAG-5 field trips, gardening, landscaping,
reading, upholstering furniture, sewing and delivering custom projects, sky
diving, having fun and embracing the sun when it shines, and trying to keep up
with our art study--and not necessarily in that order! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Natural vitamin D
can be in short supply here, and when the sun comes out, all-of-a-sudden we
want to be outdoors instead of indoors. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plus,
we need to take time to just make art since we are a creative group of five!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Get the picture?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">So, lately when the TAG-5 is together on Thursday
mornings, we’ve sometimes been only two people having a cheese Danish, coffee
and conversation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When we are four or
five, we’ve spent time with personal catching-up and being a support system
when those <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L I F E</b> things happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember, we were girlfriends first!</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYD6HKsNAEFf6WA2nPsn6OC1wYeC1LTyx0o6OKgGMvMr0Rh11Qmy0RDF_s5cPKAJ0Ran_dsU2mCysjw5YRx2DX8pP0V4LQsvPfN8s5sWN4CRSj0_69FU8Gtl9sucjSIIl2a55rIgpcSAI/s1600/vikingLeif_Ericson_on_the_shore_of_Vinland.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYD6HKsNAEFf6WA2nPsn6OC1wYeC1LTyx0o6OKgGMvMr0Rh11Qmy0RDF_s5cPKAJ0Ran_dsU2mCysjw5YRx2DX8pP0V4LQsvPfN8s5sWN4CRSj0_69FU8Gtl9sucjSIIl2a55rIgpcSAI/s640/vikingLeif_Ericson_on_the_shore_of_Vinland.gif" width="478" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Leif Ericson on the shore of newly discovered Vinland (Newfoundland), </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Book from 1908, Mary MacGregor: <i>Stories of the Viking, </i><span class="plainlinks"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: blue;">Wikimedia Commons</span></a> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">When TAG-5 met last Thursday, we revisited our
art study focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> None of us was ready to move into another time period, so w</span>e are on the Viking trail
(sail?)at this time. The word ‘Viking’ originally meant making an expedition or
journey by water and evolved from there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The word had no negative connotation. The voyager did not wear horned hats, as pictured above,
but they did have clasps (brooches) to keep their wraps on, they did drink out
of horns and wore cuffs and belts with ornamentation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead of telling someone to go-take-a-hike,
one could say go-take-a-viking! Just saying . . . I digress . . . but, they
were an itinerant lot according to the map below.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9w5zgq2sQcpwqwJzS9FuVNPIdWc6q_IPYSXHvB-0TMWHeW5BpWLHejBbAYmM48EnvI2MOL3P1zml7u7PkA4QvvFWzs_xaSD_4jHtsfWjj8L9ZQy7SshOFOqD7ycWVjpF78I_gkDCXCAi/s1600/viking+travelers929px-WikingerKarte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje9w5zgq2sQcpwqwJzS9FuVNPIdWc6q_IPYSXHvB-0TMWHeW5BpWLHejBbAYmM48EnvI2MOL3P1zml7u7PkA4QvvFWzs_xaSD_4jHtsfWjj8L9ZQy7SshOFOqD7ycWVjpF78I_gkDCXCAi/s1600/viking+travelers929px-WikingerKarte.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center">
<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Vikings in the 8<sup>th</sup> -10th centuries, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License"><span style="color: blue;">GNU Free Documentation License</span></a>, <span class="plainlinks"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: blue;">Wikimedia Commons</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="plainlinks">(Names of places are in German language, but are close enough to English to figure them out! ) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="plainlinks">Can you find Aachen from where Charlemagne reigned?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="plainlinks">Interesting to see the rivers that moved the Vikings to the Middle East.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Their <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L I F E</b> included
art, as learned in the Sutton Hoo post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Looking for more Viking information?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a great PBS documentary called </span><a href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2253182709"><span style="font-size: large;">“Michael Wood’s Story of England:Romans to Normans.”</span></a><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">This episode investigates Vikings in England. They weren’t
all pirates and pillagers; but people moving from place-to-place or simply commingling with other tribes for their human survival.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I found this absolutely fascinating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="font-size: large;">After viewing this particular PBS episode in the series, my curiosity took over: If I lived in that time, what would art be?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> What would my art/creative pursuit be? </span>Did they call it "art" or was there another term for an individual's creativity? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Did their art always have a functional quality, or was there anything just plain decorative for decorative's sake? Would I have had time to make art while living a subsistence
<strong>L I F E </strong>without the advancements of the last 2,000 years? Is any creative
process art as well as craft? (i.e. boat building, tool making, wood carving, spinning, weaving, lace making, or
baking bread to name a few. (I say yes!) What questions would you ask them about their art? And, who put the art in artifacts?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;">From tomatoes to Vikings, I remain</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Mary B.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">of Scandinavian and British ancestry</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">and glad I don't have to rely on my garden for subsistence!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: large;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">P.S. I learned from the documentary that Charlemagne specifically purchased woven cloth from "Vikings" in England because of its quality. The map above is a key to other Viking influenced art.</span> </span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-78028867070905862112012-06-20T17:35:00.000-07:002012-06-20T17:35:03.971-07:00It's the Sutton Who? ?<br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">No, it’s the Sutton Hoo and is considered the greatest
archeological find in Anglo-Saxon history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are group of burial mounds of ca. 600 AD located on what was private
property (<a href="http://suite101.com/article/sutton-hoo-a18094">the 225 acre Sutton Hoo Estate</a>)
overlooking the river Deben in the town of Woodbridge in Suffolk, England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Initially, only two of the seventeen mounds were excavated in the
summers of 1939. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did
these mounds look like?</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQ4zbe2MA2uwTdEffooU75kRmtGD7NOfUuibZeMeA5W7DW0iZNX8O7kxBFfsKoEYA-GZccEcX12dvM6mL8_9Vpmcly5pOjZZ8jM2ZxXBZNu5eDtcrask42h76Zy01L0lTi0E76V-mO-Ob/s1600/Sutton+Hoo+mounds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmQ4zbe2MA2uwTdEffooU75kRmtGD7NOfUuibZeMeA5W7DW0iZNX8O7kxBFfsKoEYA-GZccEcX12dvM6mL8_9Vpmcly5pOjZZ8jM2ZxXBZNu5eDtcrask42h76Zy01L0lTi0E76V-mO-Ob/s640/Sutton+Hoo+mounds.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Part
of the Sutton Hoo gravefield showing Mound 1 and others (foreground), Mound 2,
reconstructed (middle distance) and Sutton Hoo House (distance). Author: Dr.
Steven Plunkett, Wikimedia Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Prior to excavation, the mounds appeared as random
hills located on <a href="http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/whatis.htm">heathlands</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a
side note, during WWII ditches were added to Suffolk heathlands to discourage
enemy gliders from landing there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrafuaka-sxBrrcZXJ00l9SPGpXrf0ZUcZC9oNRySqLswlNmMRoXLA4m5t8IQrsWhcLoh0uRFZ7qrt43xWdjaqUd08WHzqA7ds3Vi1G4xoy4DnTKdAznal5ifeFT_IvJR7Ij8eYX_LvmMz/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_Mound_2_reconstruction.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrafuaka-sxBrrcZXJ00l9SPGpXrf0ZUcZC9oNRySqLswlNmMRoXLA4m5t8IQrsWhcLoh0uRFZ7qrt43xWdjaqUd08WHzqA7ds3Vi1G4xoy4DnTKdAznal5ifeFT_IvJR7Ij8eYX_LvmMz/s640/Sutton_Hoo_Mound_2_reconstruction.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Burial mound 2 at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a>, England; as reconstructed after excavation to supposed original Anglo-Saxon form, looking east, showing the surrounding quarry-ditch. Wikimedia Commons</span></span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">What was found in the mounds?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">An archeologist found burial ships in the style of
<a href="http://www.abc.net.au/navigators/ships/historyeuro.htm">Viking “clinker built” ships</a> buried in the mounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was only the second time in history that a burial ship had been found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kjxSAydxCip_QwP_lNTKhJLNvI8-bIS-s_KIGaavCCiNqH5Dasw-YZmUPt6l_vw5oZ-Dh1E2Lv5S7vrBf9tBFNQtaA05Rwldk-IvSkuJJbfoluFelw1ohTfTrT8F1d81QOSySTdhyfpj/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_BoatReplica_JorViking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kjxSAydxCip_QwP_lNTKhJLNvI8-bIS-s_KIGaavCCiNqH5Dasw-YZmUPt6l_vw5oZ-Dh1E2Lv5S7vrBf9tBFNQtaA05Rwldk-IvSkuJJbfoluFelw1ohTfTrT8F1d81QOSySTdhyfpj/s640/Sutton_Hoo_BoatReplica_JorViking.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Replica of the ship from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a>ship-burial 1, England. Author: Russell Scott, Wikimedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span></span></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Long and slender, these ships were shallow with
what appeared to be two bows. Not only
were they used as burial ships, but as transport vessels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Depending on their size, “clinker built”
ships could carry just enough people to raid and pillage down European river
systems and back home again. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the
other hand, they could swiftly move across large bodies of water. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhldqgbSEdVqojDjNjf0FcwZih85cTghWB5fBl9W8BWPWXex-FY9uyMFfkArboOtv_iyH9bvfY9HE6zIXpeUp7J248ZPo-IW-kBuPCyH1xtoKgCwXe5uQHWIcuLQcvRY3rvO7Ahs8b8PvB0/s1600/sutton+hoo+bwSHIP_MED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhldqgbSEdVqojDjNjf0FcwZih85cTghWB5fBl9W8BWPWXex-FY9uyMFfkArboOtv_iyH9bvfY9HE6zIXpeUp7J248ZPo-IW-kBuPCyH1xtoKgCwXe5uQHWIcuLQcvRY3rvO7Ahs8b8PvB0/s640/sutton+hoo+bwSHIP_MED.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Screen capture of image from home movie, shot by Harold John Phillips, of 1939 excavation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a> burial ship. Permission for unlimited use granted by son William Phillips. Uploaded by grandson Jeremy Gilbert, Wikimedia Commons</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb7ojxlEfnS9-hTsHT5-RgY90YmhWi_2Z3TcKZai-68LWyjS6hnnb_IwoQ7j_vSl0w0nJBzm0MgBSlx87v8K4589iOksEqeQdSJ63WqYxhxCmGSjJ-HhymvDCgASfoYgu86SkFXm95qSKb/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_ship-burial_model.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb7ojxlEfnS9-hTsHT5-RgY90YmhWi_2Z3TcKZai-68LWyjS6hnnb_IwoQ7j_vSl0w0nJBzm0MgBSlx87v8K4589iOksEqeQdSJ63WqYxhxCmGSjJ-HhymvDCgASfoYgu86SkFXm95qSKb/s640/Sutton_Hoo_ship-burial_model.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Model
of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton
Hoo</span></a> ship-burial 1, England. The placement of the burial chamber is marked
white. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Author:
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Steven
J. Plunkett, Wikimedia Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The largest Sutton Hoo burial
ship was 90 feet long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because most of the ship had rotted away, there
was only an impression left of its structure in the soil, plus the metal
nails.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>It also contained a hoard of </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">treasures <span style="font-family: Century Gothic;">fit-for-a-king, and that’s who was buried there, a great king. They found a</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> sword, scepter, silver utensils,
gold coins, jewelry including belt buckle, garment clasps, and a purse lid of
precious metal with precious stones such as garnet, and intricate enamel work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDbt1y0tzjXsxle3NaNkUZO8RHwjhJjEFIy4P-AOtRtVLJsZ5h61fKM37TJIYub-y3lGAAiCf3Mz-L2HaGrOeaocoLXriQfE0mrZT9C5mUxach6e6dNhH5M1R97Ihb-DdyAFCd3gNItzg/s1600/sutton+hoo+purse+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfDbt1y0tzjXsxle3NaNkUZO8RHwjhJjEFIy4P-AOtRtVLJsZ5h61fKM37TJIYub-y3lGAAiCf3Mz-L2HaGrOeaocoLXriQfE0mrZT9C5mUxach6e6dNhH5M1R97Ihb-DdyAFCd3gNItzg/s640/sutton+hoo+purse+cover.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Sutton Hoo purse lid, British Museum, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Photo by</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Robroyaus</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution License. The design elements are sitting on a newly created background as the original had rotted away.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGXuraPpuBqtZ95caM6TEipfuJxqixt8tCe9xP0q013gu9yBdfiGiPaT1Kvs24Dz8lOddzKhOVTU72rOjfsxccRvBeVNSNSJFOCXQ8A9SchE-03_7CoBvgjvXGOVYl4upOx2N7Oc2u03hU/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_ShoulderClasp2_RobRoy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGXuraPpuBqtZ95caM6TEipfuJxqixt8tCe9xP0q013gu9yBdfiGiPaT1Kvs24Dz8lOddzKhOVTU72rOjfsxccRvBeVNSNSJFOCXQ8A9SchE-03_7CoBvgjvXGOVYl4upOx2N7Oc2u03hU/s640/Sutton_Hoo_ShoulderClasp2_RobRoy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Shoulder clasp (open) from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a> ship-burial 1, England. British Museum.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Photo by RobRoyAus, Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution License. Gold and precious stones. </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQ3MlsVi9YJ3gPyyve21nKp8KHUVelDm7iG_EjZuD32KlA7djxGyOLuBSW9n58ZLV50jFjouh8WyGgzceUEZc0HsvhZNiSaZuyhrqGqGJ9rFKNjRkXGxcW87KAXsuQ-xWrmje2kcjGuhi/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_ShoulderClasp_RobRoy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQ3MlsVi9YJ3gPyyve21nKp8KHUVelDm7iG_EjZuD32KlA7djxGyOLuBSW9n58ZLV50jFjouh8WyGgzceUEZc0HsvhZNiSaZuyhrqGqGJ9rFKNjRkXGxcW87KAXsuQ-xWrmje2kcjGuhi/s640/Sutton_Hoo_ShoulderClasp_RobRoy.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Shoulder clasp (closed) from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a> ship-burial 1, England. British Museum.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Photo by RobRoyAus, Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution License.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRNuJ7M-LdXBsfCw-v_xJJJopxO38HyLSESJWobb24MYOM_7jtraFV3Ho0mt-3ufeFATe5rr9Pz0qMnBToQw0nkpSpbK9k1KijfD2GQRRknknSY6ChguyX-7SxPhCsrzlPOEaHf5B6CCo7/s1600/Sutton+Hoo+Belt_buckle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRNuJ7M-LdXBsfCw-v_xJJJopxO38HyLSESJWobb24MYOM_7jtraFV3Ho0mt-3ufeFATe5rr9Pz0qMnBToQw0nkpSpbK9k1KijfD2GQRRknknSY6ChguyX-7SxPhCsrzlPOEaHf5B6CCo7/s640/Sutton+Hoo+Belt_buckle.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Anglo-Saxon golden belt buckle from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a> ship-burial 1, Suffolk (England). 7th century AD. British Museum. Author: </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Michel_wal" title="User:Michel wal"><span style="color: blue;">Michel wal</span></a> Creative Commons Attribution License.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTg4XjEQLZToDSgIlJKeh3yz94g30RsTOnx_Ef_qHdLkqKd7sVO7Q0_V3jauY94nItBeU85Oe2J_YqqY8oLz9K4jcx4qqFAXG21BclME5M3vqO8KMIgs6e1Yc-v5eBpLmwxAJ81LkoO9mO/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_BowlBottom_JorViking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="628" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTg4XjEQLZToDSgIlJKeh3yz94g30RsTOnx_Ef_qHdLkqKd7sVO7Q0_V3jauY94nItBeU85Oe2J_YqqY8oLz9K4jcx4qqFAXG21BclME5M3vqO8KMIgs6e1Yc-v5eBpLmwxAJ81LkoO9mO/s640/Sutton_Hoo_BowlBottom_JorViking.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Bottom of hanging-bowl 2 from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a> ship-burial 1.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Flickr, Photo by Russell Scott,Creative Commons Attribution License. Metal fragments of the bowl have been positioned on a glass framework.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga4zenvqwfOFhknqCmRZMSq4hr5KT_ATLiueE3Otjhzl1pcuAVdjC_dC0XivicqBYQu0irr-_IVeS3T_CnPW4UHVvQ6h3K95N9TDFsyYk0rm3FvSBZpMBs0wmxgkbVvP-ad2z_aID3ou1z/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_coins+Mound1_JorViking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga4zenvqwfOFhknqCmRZMSq4hr5KT_ATLiueE3Otjhzl1pcuAVdjC_dC0XivicqBYQu0irr-_IVeS3T_CnPW4UHVvQ6h3K95N9TDFsyYk0rm3FvSBZpMBs0wmxgkbVvP-ad2z_aID3ou1z/s640/Sutton_Hoo_coins+Mound1_JorViking.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Replica of gold coins and ingots from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a>ship-burial 1, England. 37 coins, 3 blanks, 2 small ingots.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Flickr, Photo by Russell Scott,Creative Commons Attribution License<o:p></o:p></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkY1K23NFe4P2v3wTVNpRtrdwG7Cq2Y6HFT_zaz646voI87NYu07SyaLj6cjWnusz0F1lGp7VVjkx0iEEn6DDEyFd0hSVahlnOWSX5rS5M_C2EL-_R_dzVZUOi2XAi6ffkCdf7ajCGMPI1/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_Lyre_fragments_BM_1939_1010_203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkY1K23NFe4P2v3wTVNpRtrdwG7Cq2Y6HFT_zaz646voI87NYu07SyaLj6cjWnusz0F1lGp7VVjkx0iEEn6DDEyFd0hSVahlnOWSX5rS5M_C2EL-_R_dzVZUOi2XAi6ffkCdf7ajCGMPI1/s640/Sutton_Hoo_Lyre_fragments_BM_1939_1010_203.jpg" width="428" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Fragments of the Sutton Hoo large lyre. Reg. No. 1939,1010.203, Photo: Andreas Praefcke, Creative Commons</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><u>Replica</u> of the Sutton Hoo large lyre. Maplewood, with
electrotyped fittings, bone bridge and gut strings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Photo: Andreas
Praefcke, Creative Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The most famous treasure was a
helmet with full face mask.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiauGyHmclPQoPcDjDoB5aXgWh0Z17brzBGdTSM4dyVrq15jVtpJHHIBiaLaT1hQT3ues4t4tTv_fXVz6h28OPDddNsz-IDCoMpTBFc3ju3wUfkjbsmWruiJ9LNSfbXbGaImaAxEEBJNbxj/s1600/Sutton_Hoo_Helmet+original.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiauGyHmclPQoPcDjDoB5aXgWh0Z17brzBGdTSM4dyVrq15jVtpJHHIBiaLaT1hQT3ues4t4tTv_fXVz6h28OPDddNsz-IDCoMpTBFc3ju3wUfkjbsmWruiJ9LNSfbXbGaImaAxEEBJNbxj/s640/Sutton_Hoo_Helmet+original.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Sutton Hoo parade helmet (<!--del_lnk--> British Museum, restored). Although based on late <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/Ancient_Rome.htm" title="Ancient Rome"><span style="color: blue;">Roman</span></a>helmets of <!--del_lnk-->spangenhelm type, the immediatecomparisons are with contemporary <!--del_lnk-->Vendel Age helmets from eastern <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Sweden.htm" title="Sweden"><span style="color: blue;">Sweden</span></a>.wikipedia commons</span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA4PhHDXXumWh0BKvItv50rAuB4aZrVPP8kAOzrWRQnZdCFct4cNjaKH-u0jnKeEk1upPS2IeHfHSQ6tO2QL4sy14F2Xwy4MEc6u8jOwhHD5vCWptasyVO997un0EbZydXH7EMhUPR3gsM/s1600/Sutton+Hoo+Helmet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA4PhHDXXumWh0BKvItv50rAuB4aZrVPP8kAOzrWRQnZdCFct4cNjaKH-u0jnKeEk1upPS2IeHfHSQ6tO2QL4sy14F2Xwy4MEc6u8jOwhHD5vCWptasyVO997un0EbZydXH7EMhUPR3gsM/s640/Sutton+Hoo+Helmet.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Helmet from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="en:Sutton Hoo"><span style="color: blue;">Sutton Hoo</span></a>
ship-burial 1, England. 7th century AD. British Museum.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">These </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">art treasures</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> of ca. 600 AD, and more, are currently housed in the British
Museum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">What about textiles and the <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Sutton_Hoo.htm">Sutton Hoo</a>?</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Textiles</span></b><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (around and on the central structure). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The burial chamber was evidently rich in
textiles, represented by many fragments preserved, or replaced by metal
corrosion products. They included quantities of twill (possibly from cloaks,
blankets or hangings), and the remains of cloaks with characteristic long-pile
weaving. There appear to have been more exotic coloured hangings or spreads,
including some (possibly imported) woven in stepped lozenge patterns using a
Syrian technique in which the weft is looped around the warp to create a
textured surface. Two other colour-patterned textiles, near the head and foot
of the body area, resemble Scandinavian work of the same period.”</span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wikipedia Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Until next time,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Mary B.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Field Trip!!! (In my dreams):</span><br />
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</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/suttonhoo/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/suttonhoo/</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://eastsuffolklinewalks.co.uk/suttonhoo/"><span style="color: blue;">http://eastsuffolklinewalks.co.uk/suttonhoo/</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Here’s a <a href="http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html?q=sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html">Kahn Academy</a> link to the Sutton Hoo.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Here’s a highly academic connection between the
Sutton Hoo and art history:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">“Sutton Hoo is a cornerstone of the
study of art in Britain in the 6th–9th centuries. Professor Henderson,
summarising, calls the ship treasures 'the first proven hothouse for the
incubation of the <!--del_lnk-->Insular style.' A full assemblage of objects of
very varied origins are combined among the possessions of a person of the
highest social degree. The gold and garnet fittings show the creative fusion of
foregoing techniques and motifs derived from them, by a master-goldsmith
working for such a patron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">From the gathering together of such
possessions, and the combination or transformation of their themes and
techniques in new productions, the synthesis of Insular art emerges. Drawing on
<a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/i/Ireland.htm" title="Ireland"><span style="color: blue;">Irish</span></a>,
<!--del_lnk-->Pictish, Anglo-Saxon, native <!--del_lnk-->British and
Mediterranean artistic sources, Insular art is a fusion more complex than the
purely Anglo-Irish expressed by '<!--del_lnk--> Hiberno-Saxon' art. The 7th
century <!--del_lnk-->Book of Durrow, first survival of the gospel-book series
including the <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/l/Lindisfarne_Gospels.htm" title="Lindisfarne Gospels"><span style="color: blue;">Lindisfarne Gospels</span></a> and the <a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/b/Book_of_Kells.htm" title="Book of Kells"><span style="color: blue;">Book
of Kells</span></a>, owes as much to Pictish sculpture, to British millefiori and
enamelwork and Anglo-Saxon <!--del_lnk-->cloisonne metalwork, as to Irish art.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This fusion in the Sutton Hoo treasury
and workshop precedes the (often royal) religious context of the scriptoria.
There is thus a continuum from pre-Christian royal accumulation of precious
objects from diverse cultural sources, through to the art of gospel-books,
shrines and liturgical or dynastic objects in which those elements were
blended. It is a parallel expression of the formation of English and Insular
cultural identity, and the dissemination of royal values. That is part of the
fascination of Sutton Hoo.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Sutton_Hoo.htm">Wikipedia Commons</a></span><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-49000836079507707242012-06-19T19:39:00.001-07:002012-06-19T19:39:10.621-07:00Papyrus / Parchment / Vellum / Paper<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Surfaces</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">—usually
one looks at what’s on the surface rather than the surface itself, especially
when it comes to books. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since we’ve been
exploring manuscripts produced in monastic scriptoriums, perhaps knowing more
about those writing surfaces might be interesting. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Little did I know when I began looking for writing and
painting surfaces related to the early medieval period (~600 AD – 1000 AD) there
would be so much information available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things
I wanted to understand were:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who was
using these surfaces? What was being used?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When it was being used? Where was it being used? And, why use one material
over another? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Whoa! That’s way too much to post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">However, if one is interested in a complete <a href="http://www.historyofinformation.com/index.php?era=30">timeline</a> (2,500,000 BCE to
2012 CE) on transcripts of all sorts, there is an extensive one on line and it’s
fascinating. There is also a how-to guide on <a href="http://www.antithetical.org/restlesswind/plinth/bookbind2.html">medieval bookbinding</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This site goes into a paragraph or so of
history, for example, the word ‘book’ or ‘codex' is from the Latin word caudex, meaning
‘tree trunk’ and so forth. Also fascinating!</span></div>
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</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: x-large;">Roman-Style Wax Tablet</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;">:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <u> </u></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqzswxBopod1IWnAnvhEFnjvA9zz5-78y5GxcwoTVfdSOMdk2GiwtBJcGD69g7NplMJqHjfdNmMBp2eZq4Tj7O9vTBlBWfQRt33m3giud0VxwigwmrkblPFHdpwHJurgsD-JPxGmickg-l/s1600/wax+tablet640PX-~2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqzswxBopod1IWnAnvhEFnjvA9zz5-78y5GxcwoTVfdSOMdk2GiwtBJcGD69g7NplMJqHjfdNmMBp2eZq4Tj7O9vTBlBWfQRt33m3giud0VxwigwmrkblPFHdpwHJurgsD-JPxGmickg-l/s640/wax+tablet640PX-~2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span> <span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">National
Museum of Wales (Cardiff). Part of a wooden writing tablet </span></span></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></span><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">from
the ancient Roman fortress of Caerleon, Wales.</span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">
</span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: olive;">Wikimedia
Commons</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Made of wood and covered
with a layer of wax. Used during the Middle Ages as a portable and reusable
writing surface. Along with other treasures, these tablet books have been unearthed in bogs as far north from Rome as
Hadrian’s Wall in England . . . with writing on them. My guess is that the bogs of England are a kin to the <a href="http://www.tarpits.org/">La Brea Tar Pits</a> in California!</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-size: x-large;">Papyrus</span></span></b><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-size: x-large;">:</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Papyrus; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span><u> </u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmbsysrDczlFCnu9qO-LyBV-xiHUB-HSDPVu6jBel8_oxFWh3qY_BSJP3fdaMNh_AU-7kjT3R6_C_fC-wUxRcc79GYRWDJaXkARd204dgSjUquR2J5uRnKGIwZnqr8iWRpuejjLAcPqGcp/s1600/papyrus_plant_arp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmbsysrDczlFCnu9qO-LyBV-xiHUB-HSDPVu6jBel8_oxFWh3qY_BSJP3fdaMNh_AU-7kjT3R6_C_fC-wUxRcc79GYRWDJaXkARd204dgSjUquR2J5uRnKGIwZnqr8iWRpuejjLAcPqGcp/s640/papyrus_plant_arp.jpg" width="476" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Papyrus plant (Cyperus papyrus) at Kew Gardens, London,
England.</span><u><span class="MsoHyperlinkFollowed"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: purple;"> </span></span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: olive;">Wikimedia
Commons</span></a></span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Papyrus is manufactured from the paper-like
fiber or pith of the papyrus plant. It is a woven material of fine threads. Not only was it first known to be used as a
writing surface, but was also used for boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets in
ancient Egypt. It was made into long scrolls for long documents. Unfortunately, it is not
pliable and is susceptible to moisture and excessive dryness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6e3-B89Bf85aER4dHBpyHZ7hFvblxw-7ypk0QlrXkEEOciyiFpJ9oJmgZqS-2TLCSkv3YO2-Dt0Kiv65Syu-38spBiodJ7la8JuLsV_hcazBq7vQteDbRvQ85kwZ5pc68hYIU4o7Oi0Kz/s1600/papyrus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6e3-B89Bf85aER4dHBpyHZ7hFvblxw-7ypk0QlrXkEEOciyiFpJ9oJmgZqS-2TLCSkv3YO2-Dt0Kiv65Syu-38spBiodJ7la8JuLsV_hcazBq7vQteDbRvQ85kwZ5pc68hYIU4o7Oi0Kz/s640/papyrus.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The Heracles Papyrus (Oxford, Sackler Library,
Oxyrhynchus Pap. 2331), a fragment of 3rd century Greek manuscript of a poem
about the Labors of Heracles.</span><span class="plainlinks"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: olive;">Wikimedia
Commons</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In dry climates, papyrus
is stable and rot resistant when stored properly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Stored in humid conditions, the material can be destroyed by mold. In
Europe, if this writing material lasted more than 200 years it was exceptional.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it is not perfect quality, the
writing surface is irregular and harder to write or paint on. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When books started being made, it was found that it was faster to turn a page than to keep rolling, unrolling, and rolling the scrolls again and again to find something fast. Thus, parchment came into favor again. It could be made anywhere, not just imported from Alexandria. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Parchment</span></b><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">:</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqrBgrUHfrBy8aFTguBt5fDFYYeU9A7TT3Xtr5uNoC2z57-LzfmWgLpFqLCOC83KBzdRMXLACIj-eZ5MQY7Io5miibG8NMZY6bo2DqNmC9KwoA5-EArncK92FrkDa8lXUzjz8cj0YPDYG/s1600/Parchment_from_goatskin_detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqrBgrUHfrBy8aFTguBt5fDFYYeU9A7TT3Xtr5uNoC2z57-LzfmWgLpFqLCOC83KBzdRMXLACIj-eZ5MQY7Io5miibG8NMZY6bo2DqNmC9KwoA5-EArncK92FrkDa8lXUzjz8cj0YPDYG/s640/Parchment_from_goatskin_detail.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Detail
of central European (Northern) type of finished parchment made of goatskin stretched
on </span></span></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">a
wooden frame </span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: olive;">Wikimedia Commons</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Parchment is a thin material
made from calfskin, sheepskin or goatskin. The skins are split. Different from
leather, parchment is limed but not tanned. This papyrus substitute was
developed around 250 BC when it became unavailable from its only source,
Alexandria in Northern Africa. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
commonly used for writing on, for documents, notes, or the pages of a book,
codex or manuscript. Although parchment is also affected by environment causing
buckling, unlike papyrus it can initially be folded to make <a href="http://www.antithetical.org/restlesswind/plinth/bookbind2.html">individual pages</a>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Most parchment books would be bound with wooden
boards and clamped with brass clasps or leather straps. These closures became
decorative features even after paper made them unnecessary.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM8YJ8CZ7OuIGiv8w-60whtLa_m_sNrTig0He5ZFvggoXzmTVOV3SnWdRbO4HouYynE_KZREj5Mh8tyBK3tUYYwZF04aofhEZsg_xmtitPkQ2gbIPDvwMjR9Mdpn-E5vSoQt7dHlmARnqk/s1600/Sachsenspiegel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM8YJ8CZ7OuIGiv8w-60whtLa_m_sNrTig0He5ZFvggoXzmTVOV3SnWdRbO4HouYynE_KZREj5Mh8tyBK3tUYYwZF04aofhEZsg_xmtitPkQ2gbIPDvwMjR9Mdpn-E5vSoQt7dHlmARnqk/s640/Sachsenspiegel.jpg" width="510" /></a> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Sachsenspiegel manuscript of 1385 (sister manuscript of
Harffer Sachsenspiegel),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">p</span>hotographed by
Britta Lauer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: olive;">Creative Commons</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Modern vegetable (paper) parchment is manufactured today from pulp wood fibers.</span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Vellum</span></b><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Papyrus; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><u> <o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI0AcBmhKzrpZYSbNGYR3GGRydVL1Rfy_Aart283rc3KTvq5g-Dc6YXYSvNVplnEyL2F19hIpS3hBp3SGzgEirEhcBBolUEpmqVyDfvTK7Xcd589FFgTq9p1oHNnnC6yonReTBv_R_DpVt/s1600/Vellum+gospelNICCOL~1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI0AcBmhKzrpZYSbNGYR3GGRydVL1Rfy_Aart283rc3KTvq5g-Dc6YXYSvNVplnEyL2F19hIpS3hBp3SGzgEirEhcBBolUEpmqVyDfvTK7Xcd589FFgTq9p1oHNnnC6yonReTBv_R_DpVt/s640/Vellum+gospelNICCOL~1.JPG" width="556" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: lime; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: lime;"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span> <span class="description"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The
Marriage</span></i></span><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, 1350s, miniature on vellum by Niccolò da Bologna,
1350s,</span></span></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></span><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">National gallery of Art, Washington DC </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: olive;">Creative Commons</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Vellum
is a finer-quality parchment and was generally made from split skin of a <em>young</em>
animal, like calfskin, kidskin or lambskin, although other skins were used. Vellum is similarly processed as parchment. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is actually more durable than paper and
documents such as diplomas were and are still written it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Vellum</span> is still used for Jewish scrolls, of the
Torah in particular, for luxury book-binding, and various calligraphy
documents such as The Constitution of Vermont shown below. Modern “paper vellum” (vegetable vellum [paper]) is not from mammal
skin, but of plasticized cotton.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyROn8OojNU6SlZFzNSLBDO0OVg4Ou-nQQErkNciRmANK5gHMMF2IskuyyGbqsSmFj3IQnBDYJv-R4g6MukrupwuxiDB8KduKQKrbLbI-wptVruo2knzDNiJLNerSih5yFreApuLNT7pvp/s1600/vellumVTconstitution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyROn8OojNU6SlZFzNSLBDO0OVg4Ou-nQQErkNciRmANK5gHMMF2IskuyyGbqsSmFj3IQnBDYJv-R4g6MukrupwuxiDB8KduKQKrbLbI-wptVruo2knzDNiJLNerSih5yFreApuLNT7pvp/s640/vellumVTconstitution.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Vermont Constitution
vellum copy, 1777.</span></span><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Attribution:
<span class="licensetplattr">Jim Hood a.k.a. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:GearedBull" title="en:User:GearedBull"><span style="color: olive;">GearedBull</span></a>
</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: olive;">Creative Commons</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-size: x-large;">Purple
Parchment</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Papyrus; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><u> <o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLbMeK65YuyE7Jx7ivjth_W43qKi-pl9awKxbYRVdlLl9VhCyeabpUs_d1qStXZfRulRBMLpgxJRx6WdGkCmevRhftWXU6nG4B2Q-8xp6aGGsLsN_-2UHFjicOOnOOud53Irx0wnHfL3X4/s1600/purple+parchmentRossanoGospelsFolio007vGoodSamaritan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLbMeK65YuyE7Jx7ivjth_W43qKi-pl9awKxbYRVdlLl9VhCyeabpUs_d1qStXZfRulRBMLpgxJRx6WdGkCmevRhftWXU6nG4B2Q-8xp6aGGsLsN_-2UHFjicOOnOOud53Irx0wnHfL3X4/s640/purple+parchmentRossanoGospelsFolio007vGoodSamaritan.jpg" width="562" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: lime; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: lime;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Folio 7v from the
Rossano Gospels, the Good Samaritan. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: olive;">Creative Commons</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Known as 'purple parchment,' these manuscripts were actually written on
a high quality vellum and dyed purple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <em><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">“This was at one
point supposedly restricted for the use of Roman or Byzantine Emperors,
although in a letter of Saint Jerome of 384 [sic.AD], he “writes scornfully of
the wealthy Christian women whose books are written in gold on purple vellum
and clothed with gems. . .” (</span><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_parchment#cite_ref-0"><span style="color: olive;">^</span></a></span></b></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span class="reference-text">Needham, 21</span></span><span class="reference-text"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The lettering may
be in gold or silver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later the practice
was revived for some especially grand illuminated manuscripts produced for the
Emperors in Carolingian art and Ottonian art, in Anglo-Saxon England and
elsewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some just use purple
parchment for sections of the work; the 8<sup>th</sup> century Anglo-Saxon
England Stockholm Codex Aureus alternates dyed and un-dyed pages.”(</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Wikipedia</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></em></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Papyrus; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-large;">Paper:</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Papyrus; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><u> <o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Well, I'm thinking this is
another post ! !<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-17578506623114088622012-06-15T14:31:00.000-07:002012-06-15T14:31:39.699-07:00I’m Proud to be a Neanderthal?<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">We
started our Art History Group study with cave paintings three years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This morning, Mary L. sent us a link to new
information she discovered regarding cave art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
The article heading is: <em>"</em></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em>New dating method shows cave art is older: Did Neanderthals do it?"</em></span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Cave paintings have always been attributed to the Paleolithic period
(Homo sapiens), but a new method of dating these cave paintings suggests they may
be from Neanderthal’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; height: 359px; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left; width: 642px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4-GpHUDTLa-4S2xR6mK251Qq9k4xa6zPIcVV_lCxPPqYMdxlQ86rWDNhUZFD1FHcq8p9kh4B5XFNwzjMCtVulckwX1g_snqTx2ipCtXjA_04prsWllXJ-6sDLRyF4DXNt8S5iGwokQNv3/s1600/Neanderthal-profile_tif.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4-GpHUDTLa-4S2xR6mK251Qq9k4xa6zPIcVV_lCxPPqYMdxlQ86rWDNhUZFD1FHcq8p9kh4B5XFNwzjMCtVulckwX1g_snqTx2ipCtXjA_04prsWllXJ-6sDLRyF4DXNt8S5iGwokQNv3/s320/Neanderthal-profile_tif.jpg" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) forensic reconstruction by Arturo Balseiro for the book, 'Them and Us: How Neanderthal predation created modern humans' by Danny Vendramini. Kardoorair Press, Australia. 2009, Author: </span><a class="new" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:DannyVendramini&action=edit&redlink=1" title="User:DannyVendramini (page does not exist)"><span style="font-size: x-small;">DannyVendramini</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">, Wikimedia Commons</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0QsWO_Hr6EpaXGYl0FHXHUtSBhcp47TLSXAnrvGI8JSmLmxHszrScHhX0927CIsos9BZRjWF08RJPTYj422hbKnvidD3ZrzinH7o55Y0hk8tv3vAsP5rs8AuOROTXhixvIrTb5L6jpPb8/s1600/Homo_sapiens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0QsWO_Hr6EpaXGYl0FHXHUtSBhcp47TLSXAnrvGI8JSmLmxHszrScHhX0927CIsos9BZRjWF08RJPTYj422hbKnvidD3ZrzinH7o55Y0hk8tv3vAsP5rs8AuOROTXhixvIrTb5L6jpPb8/s400/Homo_sapiens.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Homo sapiens à Quison (04), France, Author: </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:V%C3%A9ronique_PAGNIER" title="User:Véronique PAGNIER"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Véronique PAGNIER</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">, Wikimedia Commons</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The
old method of dating the cave paintings was through the radiocarbon testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scientists are trying a method called </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">uranium-series
disequilibrium dating. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Carbon dating”
is not now obsolete; it means simply that there is now more than one way of
dating these paintings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Recent
Thursday Art Group blog posts suggest how to become aware of artistic symbols relating
to our current study, the Carolingian period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As this MSNBC article suggests, cave paintings are the earliest symbols
of our very, very ancient ancestors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
may not know what they mean, but we generally know what they are (hands,
horses, etc.).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Thanks,
Mary L.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">To read more
on this fascinating story and see cave art images, go to <a href="http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/06/14/12211397-new-dating-method-shows-cave-art-is-older-did-neanderthals-do-it?lite">MSNBC</a>.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
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</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-86922202017841123222012-06-03T12:54:00.000-07:002012-06-03T12:54:28.695-07:00Carolingian Manuscript Art - Part Two<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">So began models or “schools” of images in religious art (like
“schools of thought”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The styles of art
were used for different purposes, mostly for manuscripts such as The Gospels,
prayer books, Psalters, book covers, etc.; however this art can also be found
on coronation thrones, alters, and other decorative details revolving around
religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following are the main five
schools of adornment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">The Ada School</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Dedicated to Charlemagne’s sister Ada, these manuscripts
were illuminated, which means the incorporation of ornamental borders; elaborately
adorned capital letters, on initial pages (like a chapter marks a page) for the Gospel of Matthew; and showy illustrations
of Evangelists portraits. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These were
written on vellum in the Carolingian minuscule style (see post on Carolingian
Art – Paleography dated 5/26/12). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following
are the three styles in the Ada school.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSk7uu3PkKvJslGQOMsCAJHoDLkGEEz9BE7btmIgKhLaMn3tYUbcQ77Glm5YYFxMv703cX4Y9rAcSSLL8Yu-1NI6NxUssXB4fUiRdbeVFwEHipkrPZeYgYVVcQdKGdHugoFoEX30CHfZpQ/s640/Ada-Gruppe_001.jpg" width="452" /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Ada Gospels, c. 800, <span class="description"><i>The
reproduction is part of a <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:10,000_paintings_from_Directmedia" title="Commons:10,000 paintings from Directmedia"><span style="color: #666666;">collection of reproductions
compiled by The Yorck Project</span></a>. The compilation copyright is held by <a href="http://www.zeno.org/"><span style="color: #666666;">Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH</span></a> and licensed
under the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/fdl.html"><span style="color: #666666;">GNU Free
Documentation License</span></a></i></span></span><span class="description"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">.</span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">This is a page from a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gospel Lectionary</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
lectionary is a list or book of only portions of the Bible chosen to be read at a
church service.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coloring has become more
important.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There will now be the addition of the
color purple, as well as gold and silver leaf; colors have meaning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Notice the addition of capitals or columns on both sides of the portrait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notice the symbol above the portrait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are you able to identify who this is? </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">(Charlemagne died about 14 years after the Gospel
Lectionary, and his descendents came to power, in 814 AD.)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy_sFj5-Jy7quMCsZfUSLtUpRK55BjiRgLN6thU-PaK3pHRYa_8LswJJLq1qw2fQe7H7K0y4RoLA79D5QXCTfwY-TJBJ-d_dNJ4j5vzJoi42RDmDdZgETutGA8W1SPVvdOBw0fSphopfFA/s1600/Ada+Group+St.+Medard+of+SoissonsMEISTE%257E1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy_sFj5-Jy7quMCsZfUSLtUpRK55BjiRgLN6thU-PaK3pHRYa_8LswJJLq1qw2fQe7H7K0y4RoLA79D5QXCTfwY-TJBJ-d_dNJ4j5vzJoi42RDmDdZgETutGA8W1SPVvdOBw0fSphopfFA/s640/Ada+Group+St.+Medard+of+SoissonsMEISTE%257E1.JPG" width="458" /></a></div>
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<span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">Maître de la nouvelle
école de la Cour de Charlemagne, Évangéliaire de Saint-Médard de Soissons.
Saint Jean l'Évangéliste, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Beginning
of 9th century, </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;">parchment paper, </span><span class="description"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The reproduction is part
of a <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:10,000_paintings_from_Directmedia" title="Commons:10,000 paintings from Directmedia"><span style="color: #666666;">collection of reproductions
compiled by The Yorck Project</span></a>. The compilation copyright is held by <a href="http://www.zeno.org/"><span style="color: #666666;">Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH</span></a> and licensed
under the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/fdl.html"><span style="color: #666666;">GNU Free
Documentation License</span></a></span></i></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">This is a page from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gospel of St. </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Médard</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">of Soissons</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The details are more vivid, more
precise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additionally, there are
pictorial images of stories near the top corners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLNEHNoHt8jYIzy2KkhR4OpbDhRJ-HNeNy4-2HEYIrQAxUHLHgD3ZzLD-AfSXm4MYDEmALEtE79QckXyIix5_DInujwY4Bt6K5Zr2yo15NUD7vixLCYflmKNXr48DZZKDkX4D96koLjaz/s1600/Ada+Group+Lorsch+page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZLNEHNoHt8jYIzy2KkhR4OpbDhRJ-HNeNy4-2HEYIrQAxUHLHgD3ZzLD-AfSXm4MYDEmALEtE79QckXyIix5_DInujwY4Bt6K5Zr2yo15NUD7vixLCYflmKNXr48DZZKDkX4D96koLjaz/s640/Ada+Group+Lorsch+page.jpg" width="464" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Virgin
enthroned and Child with St John on the left and Zacharias on the right, front cover
of the so-called Lorsch Gospels, Carolingian artwork.ca.810 AD, elephant ivory
on wood, source:</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jastrow" title="User:Jastrow"><span style="color: #666666;">Marie-Lan
Nguyen</span></a> (2012), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: #666666;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/deed.en"><span style="color: #666666;">Attribution 2.5
Generic</span></a> license.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Above is an elephant ivory carving on wood book cover from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsch Gospels</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is based on the Gospel story portrayed from
carvings on the Throne of Maximianus in Ravenna, Italy. From the linear segments, it almost appears to be three dimensional instead of being flat.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p> </o:p></span><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">The Palace School</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">It is from Charlemagne’s palace school in Aachen, thus
the name Palace School <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8MXHzPgJsHVn9VcaWu6WehrrY9IRt7Ooj-wqPgqXN2b11esykhZlE_Ma2rj81Lqdh1rQPdbwiI36RR5eXZ3kdXgq-ejLxkZPQaJbVj7wdOf4Sx-nuGVxPjGzA2mGGK3QgtjVnE-Lq7Cie/s1600/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8MXHzPgJsHVn9VcaWu6WehrrY9IRt7Ooj-wqPgqXN2b11esykhZlE_Ma2rj81Lqdh1rQPdbwiI36RR5eXZ3kdXgq-ejLxkZPQaJbVj7wdOf4Sx-nuGVxPjGzA2mGGK3QgtjVnE-Lq7Cie/s640/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" width="510" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Aachen Gospels, c. 820, </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Yorck Project: <i>10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei.</i> DVD-ROM, 2002. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3936122202"><span style="color: #666666;">ISBN
3936122202</span></a>. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH. Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">We’ve looked at this portrait of The Four Evangelists
previously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Look at it differently this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The artwork has its roots in the classical
art style—perhaps Classical Greek, after all, they are all wearing togas!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Something else to notice is a rational light
source which gives the bodies more depth instead of being flat forms. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is new to the “art scene.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">The Rheims School</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">:</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The archbishop of Rheims (Ebbo or Ebo) was also the
librarian and councilor of Louis the Pious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Louis was the king of Aquitaine and one of Charlemagne’s sons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(It’ about who you know—connections,
connections!) Louis the Pias and Ebbo had quite a history, of which you can
research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The archbishop helped the
spread of Christianity in the north of Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTRjGAgoCvMR2NfxUR1O8c3dc2m1O0k1HvBRsKupt_wXNKu082EqP_oaKc6WmyQpOhaAG05Ig7hywrzOpBeyA1PwGszkSZHV_68b41uNsFZlH3aQMkDhdHruDmFh9V7Ayndy_MeXOtK9AD/s1600/Ebbo+Rheims+School+Saint_Matthew2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTRjGAgoCvMR2NfxUR1O8c3dc2m1O0k1HvBRsKupt_wXNKu082EqP_oaKc6WmyQpOhaAG05Ig7hywrzOpBeyA1PwGszkSZHV_68b41uNsFZlH3aQMkDhdHruDmFh9V7Ayndy_MeXOtK9AD/s400/Ebbo+Rheims+School+Saint_Matthew2.jpg" width="287" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">This illustration of Saint
Matthew, from the 9th century Ebbo Gospels in the Municipal Library, Épernay,
France, depicts him writing a Gospel.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Giraudon/Art
Resource, NY. , Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">This image (above) from the Ebbo Gospels was also shown previously, but not in this context. The Ebbo
style of painting was painted swiftly with vibrant brush strokes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This evokes an inspiration and energy unknown
in classical Mediterranean portrait forms. The predominance of green paint is a
departure from the norm. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZrSIqRKqX6EoPQvRIaL6qzfNoH6IuaA2nTpbRRC7UIDkCIzkGMcW0057HP62MSZYNp_Y8foYEH7ENkPQ9OjXlC1SOMm8YFq04SlYwUeLFARA9xl7SybCYj70_VUr-KfpIu-w7BavfnsJ/s1600/Utrecht_15v_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZrSIqRKqX6EoPQvRIaL6qzfNoH6IuaA2nTpbRRC7UIDkCIzkGMcW0057HP62MSZYNp_Y8foYEH7ENkPQ9OjXlC1SOMm8YFq04SlYwUeLFARA9xl7SybCYj70_VUr-KfpIu-w7BavfnsJ/s640/Utrecht_15v_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht_Psalter" title="en:Utrecht Psalter"><span style="color: #666666;">Utrecht
Psalter</span></a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="en:Carolingian art"><span style="color: #666666;">en:Carolingian art</span></a> from the 8th century, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Original
uploader was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Stbalbach" title="en:User:Stbalbach"><span style="color: #666666;">Stbalbach</span></a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/"><span style="color: #666666;">en.wikipedia</span></a>,
Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The Ultrect <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalter">Psalter</a>, also Book of Psalms, is another Rheims School manuscript.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The naturalistic and energetic figure line
drawings were entirely new, and were to become the most influential innovation
of Carolinian art in later periods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Note that it is drawn in brown ink and not painted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It appears to be rapidly drawn, almost
sketch-like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is only a hint of
landscape in the background, but it’s understood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, there is movement of figures in the
drawing, they aren’t stiff and static.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The end of the Rheims school ended with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> in 843 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This treaty divided Charlemagne’s original Frankish
empire and laid the groundwork for the independent states of France and
Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When there is a treaty, there
was a war(s) preceding it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, that’s
exactly what happened. Brother against brother for power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">The School of Metz</span></span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"> :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The time period for the Metz school is ca. 850-875.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charles the Bald was the youngest son of
Louis the Pius of the Rheims School. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
side note is that the word ‘bald’ was a tongue-in-cheek reference to his
landlessness, not to a hairless head!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charles the Bald had a son named Lothair, who became Abbot of St.
Germain, a Benedictine Abbey located in southern France.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This abbey was home of the School of Metz,
which is known for “other” types of manuscript art. It was where the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant">Gregorian chant</a> had its beginnings which followed the Rule of St. Benedict. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg82laWWe3J-Cnpb3NItYl_jqmA5xtlCkvi2m_Wk9rElHX0NUkKeQL4_wOz-L0E_W83dNgr4eFVpzREchXautR-UONEIXcODmqWw8_Dmx4TmrCYpU7MWl5esWpdoXNzHiarL68MhURo8Yjv/s1600/Lothair_Crystal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="636" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg82laWWe3J-Cnpb3NItYl_jqmA5xtlCkvi2m_Wk9rElHX0NUkKeQL4_wOz-L0E_W83dNgr4eFVpzREchXautR-UONEIXcODmqWw8_Dmx4TmrCYpU7MWl5esWpdoXNzHiarL68MhURo8Yjv/s640/Lothair_Crystal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: #666666;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: #666666;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">This intaglio is made of rock crystal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is 4 ½” in diameter and is engraved with
eight episodes from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_of_Susanna">Story of Susanna</a>. It is shown against a red background so the images can be seen easier. The engraved side of the crystal is
slightly convex and the smooth side is flat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The edges are beveled and it is encased in a round metal frame.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiVoPAvkl0kU5457mF4Nc4LwMDCs0oZoJeH9NTldA0uwbY-9hmnLMoPBFQgHpuCZKmseqqjhc9g9fJ3lKqVajX2a6ShNY11g6KIuaW3Le5Kuh15LS2N9IE5FmdoqW9jGS-KRlUIl7oYa42/s1600/charles+the+bald+throne-~1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiVoPAvkl0kU5457mF4Nc4LwMDCs0oZoJeH9NTldA0uwbY-9hmnLMoPBFQgHpuCZKmseqqjhc9g9fJ3lKqVajX2a6ShNY11g6KIuaW3Le5Kuh15LS2N9IE5FmdoqW9jGS-KRlUIl7oYa42/s640/charles+the+bald+throne-~1.JPG" width="524" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Ca. 869 AD. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">BnF, Manuscrits, Latin 1152
fol. 3v, École du Palais de Charles le Chauve, Wikipedia Commons</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The image above is "Charles the Bald Enthroned."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Preserved in its original state, this <a href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/psalter?">Psalter</a>
combines the elegance of the copy and luxury paints an exceptional binding. The
recipient, Charles the Bald, is seated on a throne and holding a scepter and a globe, <em>symbols</em> of his office. The color purple, signifying royalty, with gold leaf highlights "attaching" his position to the strength and rule of the church.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXK1wsqS1Yr7QPAYMMrskNBHqlNmgq1OlXvjNwkr6qUkyOuV2o6hDtYRkIv6R0p1grS_h_HaOMLQ60q1EvmEwOD839x5SdV45lZGBsV41iZD647w2zPk3jAkJHmqbmtLVHFkfDEFwlKcl/s1600/Sacramentary_Drogon_c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkXK1wsqS1Yr7QPAYMMrskNBHqlNmgq1OlXvjNwkr6qUkyOuV2o6hDtYRkIv6R0p1grS_h_HaOMLQ60q1EvmEwOD839x5SdV45lZGBsV41iZD647w2zPk3jAkJHmqbmtLVHFkfDEFwlKcl/s640/Sacramentary_Drogon_c.jpg" width="468" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">
<a href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/sacramentary">Sacramentary</a> of Drogo, Initial C adorned with the Ascension of Christ, ca. 845-855 AD.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> Wikipedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="font-size: large;">The School of Tours</span>:</span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The Abbey of St. Martin at Tours is where the School of
Tours originated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Remember the name Alcuin who was the leading scholar at Charlemagne’s
Aachen Palace from part one? After his
tenure with Charlemagne, he was made Abbot at St. Martin’s at Tours in 796 AD,
where he remained until his death. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was said by Einhard, Charlemagne’s biographer, that Alcuin was “The most
learned man anywhere to be found.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is
also considered among the most important architects of the Carolingian period
and his pupils were many of the dominant intellectuals of the era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Out of the School of Tours came the large Bibles with
illustrations based on Late Antique Bible illustrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The best example is called the Vivian Bible. It was the
first Bible hand made specifically for Charles the Bald ca. 845/846AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was commissioned by Count Vivien, the lay
abbot of St. Martin, and presented to Charles the Bald in 846 AD on a visit to
the church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BQKWnNYkXiQysv-rKLSjmwzSly582_VNakY4E4aaa9AfJnajDcJ0SpGxerhK9Dz0DfUL5D9m4nyxKvPzkybL2j9-0dp1Wd2pL-ntkQcB-PH0_YLoWR27uYfujjnU8jpQFIHi-nOLAURI/s1600/Vivian_Bible.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BQKWnNYkXiQysv-rKLSjmwzSly582_VNakY4E4aaa9AfJnajDcJ0SpGxerhK9Dz0DfUL5D9m4nyxKvPzkybL2j9-0dp1Wd2pL-ntkQcB-PH0_YLoWR27uYfujjnU8jpQFIHi-nOLAURI/s640/Vivian_Bible.png" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Illustration
from the 'Vivian Bible' presented Charles the Bald surrounded by his courtiers.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Roberts
J. M., The Age of Diverging Traditions, s. 144. (polish translation), Author: Saint-Martin
Monks of Tours, Wikipedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">The library at Saint Martin was destroyed by a Viking
Raid in 853 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only one manuscript
survived and that was the Vivian Bible.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Denis Abbey housed elaborate metalwork from the School of Tours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because church interiors were very
elaborate, the metal of choice was gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As seen in the 15<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> century painting below, the Denis Abbey was home to a very ostentatious
alter piece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not only was it gold, it
was embedded with precious stones. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM2-Oua-KNxmIz-wH3XNQmHBE4BLGNu7oG9BOtmD8K9hxYlZ6c1rwE6l_9wr7LljfzlcOc_kRBn2zTDhuPoOxrjq_f1qYTHztISe1C0LaCkI3sVNNP1WMQR0ZeQGzHAaOiBVTK8GrcN4Su/s1600/St.+Giles+saying+Mass.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM2-Oua-KNxmIz-wH3XNQmHBE4BLGNu7oG9BOtmD8K9hxYlZ6c1rwE6l_9wr7LljfzlcOc_kRBn2zTDhuPoOxrjq_f1qYTHztISe1C0LaCkI3sVNNP1WMQR0ZeQGzHAaOiBVTK8GrcN4Su/s1600/St.+Giles+saying+Mass.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p><span class="description"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The mass of St. Giles (La Messe de saint Gilles),</span> ca. 1500 AD, The National Gallery, London, <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</span></span></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Why show this painting instead of an image of the real alter?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s all there is to show that it actually existed
because Denis Abbey was destroyed during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in
1789-1799 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another battle/war between
the haves-and-haves-not. In this instance, it was the Roman Catholic churches
apparently on the “haves” side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> From this plainting one can see how important adornment was to church interiors; it became their <em>symbol</em> of high regard, worship, adoration and respect. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Art is starting to depict what is happening (St. Giles
saying mass above).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sounds flippant,
but there were no cameras to capture moments in time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Historical context is a way to view art. It still is. (</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Okay, I’m <em>really</em> starting to sound a little like Sister Wendy―in a
didactic sort of way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Eeeikes!)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">P.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
thinking about symbols while driving my car this morning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are overloaded with them!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The golden arches are probably the most
in-your-face symbol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one looks, you
will see they are still very much being used, and we are considered a literate.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another I noticed was directional arrow
on a sign. Those symbols, ha, they will always have their place in our lives―imagery
without words! <o:p></o:p></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-17555055979923535322012-06-03T12:24:00.002-07:002012-06-03T12:54:22.940-07:00Carolingian Manuscript Art - Part One<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Thanks
to Deborah J. for presenting a fabulous class on Thursday! None of the rest of
the TAG-5 had even thought of manuscript art and how it began. This is where
five heads are better than one when studying art history! Following is an
overview (tome-like!) of her presentation. The first part is mostly groundwork
and the second is mostly images, so please stay tuned</span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p>See the blue area? That's Charlemagne's kingdom! Some of the city/town names shown will become significant in this post. For example: Aachen (underlined in red), and Revenna, Italy, etc.</o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfgzK6CW9a5FNHMFNqASv0fU-k_BIgv2eMXHdQFA-Rqwv7Z3jeYyJOLq0N3u9rhufiufEHVOn2qiaXGXn2KFK6bzwMGTtOKNnIBZNZtrp6LK5A0QrSMXRMrG_toOqAGn9TCSbXR7t8ZmKO/s1600/Carolingian+map+Frankenreich_768-811.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="537" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfgzK6CW9a5FNHMFNqASv0fU-k_BIgv2eMXHdQFA-Rqwv7Z3jeYyJOLq0N3u9rhufiufEHVOn2qiaXGXn2KFK6bzwMGTtOKNnIBZNZtrp6LK5A0QrSMXRMrG_toOqAGn9TCSbXR7t8ZmKO/s640/Carolingian+map+Frankenreich_768-811.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Frankish King
Charlemagne’s palace was located in Aachen, formerly Austrasien, now in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the original palace was destroyed
(long story!), but the palace chapel is still intact. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aachen’s
palace chapel, built in ca. 547 AD was designed by an architect named Einhard
whom you will lhear about later in this post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The chapel’s architecture was derivative of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale">Basilica of San Vitale</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Ravenna, Italy. So the groundwork of manuscript begins. (A Basilica is another word for church)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigACFsj4G3258NTZApcN1YQCVpRFVqr5MmiNMW4U6og9k6SlvvX0EWvGzUBVU_1yqGyv8kYcpwCvzo2FC5yDIqHcnxdHpT3QKnBKq8BePZKzA8O-pbsnKj5BFfgBe0FGTxrrL7V2Nnnkkg/s1600/Aachen,_Dom,_Pfalzkapelle,_Innenraum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigACFsj4G3258NTZApcN1YQCVpRFVqr5MmiNMW4U6og9k6SlvvX0EWvGzUBVU_1yqGyv8kYcpwCvzo2FC5yDIqHcnxdHpT3QKnBKq8BePZKzA8O-pbsnKj5BFfgBe0FGTxrrL7V2Nnnkkg/s640/Aachen,_Dom,_Pfalzkapelle,_Innenraum.jpg" width="306" /></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: xx-small; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Construction
of this palatine chapel, with its octagonal basilica and cupola, began c.
790–800 under the Emperor Charlemagne. Originally inspired by the churches of
the Eastern part of the Holy Roman Empire, it was splendidly enlarged in the
Middle Ages. N50 46 28 E6 5 4, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:KMH1975" title="User:KMH1975"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">KMH1975</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">,
</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Creative Commons</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">The Palatine Chapel is another name for Charlemagne's personal palace chapel.</span><br />
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<img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi01adi1vNDYGHzYSIZzUCB7LQe8TSTpg5SvX5uaql1zDkL3vMxbXEs4dbu_VTvCjYdbInlFoPRxGOvsKbdhHKhS9ChQZjkVOxe5SuwJS0YkCxrqrbkh3m_8JCZHOa9y_yNqMCQ2o4t5yM5/s640/Charlemag+throne.JPG" width="640" /><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Throne of the <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><span style="color: blue;">Holy Roman Emperors</span></a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="en:Aachen Cathedral"><span style="color: blue;">Aachen
cathedral</span></a>.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">photograph by <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Schaengel" title="de:User:Schaengel"><span style="color: blue;">Holger
Weinandt</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-size: small;">Profile view of charlemagne's throne in the Palatine chapel.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41dieXip7ym60tTMqlDlDD_HWUcRlad6JEeyYB42Ma7flg5sX5rHxYuZnASMjAh3G4I9J8jrnVH81s4wV2GMt1JHvaweB9pG3N4CA3ho9sGXzYdeONow3n0ouJ5c4uxxaJesjx-78R5-c/s1600/San_Vitale_interior_Ravenna_07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41dieXip7ym60tTMqlDlDD_HWUcRlad6JEeyYB42Ma7flg5sX5rHxYuZnASMjAh3G4I9J8jrnVH81s4wV2GMt1JHvaweB9pG3N4CA3ho9sGXzYdeONow3n0ouJ5c4uxxaJesjx-78R5-c/s640/San_Vitale_interior_Ravenna_07.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mosaic
in basilica <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/San_Vitale_in_Ravenna" title="San Vitale in Ravenna"><span style="color: blue;">San Vitale in Ravenna</span></a>.</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue;">Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0qCRGXSCTzxdBS4EndTwdINXZGPjkps65jFCy6ODGDZ9jxCmQ7lds2KGKFnQiK36OEdZcfhBlveJCqBrOtBXQlR489aKV_PValyJXqDmo8DkFbY7HQuFxXtsRmx6-SShi6AOHNUcVi4Ao/s1600/San_Vitale,_Ravenna,_Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0qCRGXSCTzxdBS4EndTwdINXZGPjkps65jFCy6ODGDZ9jxCmQ7lds2KGKFnQiK36OEdZcfhBlveJCqBrOtBXQlR489aKV_PValyJXqDmo8DkFbY7HQuFxXtsRmx6-SShi6AOHNUcVi4Ao/s640/San_Vitale,_Ravenna,_Italy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Exterior
view: Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Author: </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tango7174" title="User:Tango7174"><span style="color: blue;">Tango7174</span></a>.
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons" title="w:en:Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> Attribution-Share Alike <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en"><span style="color: blue;">3.0 Unported</span></a></span><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Until the
Carolingian period, churches looked fairly plain on the outside, but on the inside
they were quite elaborate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around 875
A.D., more Christian churches were being built and they began to have a few more
decorative elements on the outside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
building’s footprint also expanded as more people were seeking the church to
guide them, thus more churches/cathedrals were constructed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did all this mean?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It meant that more and more manuscripts needed
to be hand written to meet the needs of all those churches. And since
manuscripts came from the monasteries (as studied earlier), they became a
manuscript production facility so-to-speak!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Each individual ‘manuscript production facility’ began to
take on certain characteristics of the individual monasteries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">A man named
Alcuin (or Albinus) was the leading scholar of the day and started in York,
England as a headmaster in a cathedral school. Not only was he an academic, but
he educator and theologian as well. One of Alcuin’s loves was record keeping, a
‘library’ of collected information. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
became friends with Charlemagne, and in ca. 781 AD, Charlemagne invited him to come
to his palace in Aachen to set up an educational system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He came to the palace (who would deny the
king??) where he started a basic (elementary) educational system. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <a href="http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=428">Alcuin</a></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">stayed at Aachen for over 15 years, schooling
a lot of people to read and hand write . . . yes―manuscripts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, reading and writing were only the basics,
the study of grammar, rhetoric and logic as well as arithmetic, astronomy,
geometry and music followed in a higher level of education. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">In comes a Frankish
aristocrat named <a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05366b.htm">Einhardt</a>
(also Einhard), who was an engineer/architect .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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After arriving in Aachen, Einhardt studied under the tutelage of Alcuin, becoming Alcuin’s
most brilliant pupil and Charlemagne’s close friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides becoming Charlemagne’s biographer
after his intense schooling, he was the engineer/architect of public buildings,
Charlemagne’s private palace chapel at Aachen, and the Aachen Cathedral <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Back to the
world of </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">manuscript art, </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">at
that time period, just because one could read and write, did not mean one can artistically
illustrate images or stories―be an artist― in this case, illustrating Gospel
stories. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The standard for writing
manuscripts had been established, but it was felt that there needed to be a
guide for the illustrations that accompanies the text. Suddenly, manuscripts
could be identified by the art that was included on pages inside books as well
as the elaborate covers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
characteristics of the manuscript art during the Carolingian period showed more
action versus expression in their images.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were <a href="http://www.bing.com/Dictionary/search?q=define+didactic&qpvt=meaning+didactic&FORM=DTPDIA">didactic</a>
in nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this short Carolingian period, there
is still a culture of illiteracy, unless one had the ways and means to go to
school “free“ at a monastery or church. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">As I write, I am momentarily pondering
over the word “free” as it relates here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It strikes me on a number of levels. At this moment I’m thinking: the
majority of the people who lived in that time period had to work to stay alive,
and if one worked, they were looked upon as being a slave. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slavery was a way of life as was being
illiterate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, at least, progress was being made on some
level in baby steps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In hindsight, yes, but in some ways no! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one understands where humanity has been,
hopefully one can comprehend where we need to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s kind of like appreciating art, if one
can understand how it came to be―it’s history, one can “appreciate” it, but one
doesn’t have to like it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Okay, it’s time
to move forward.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Alcuin and
Einhard were only two of many participants, but they were especially significant
in Charlemagne’s world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They brought more
scholarship, organization and standardization not only into the religious
world, but a preparative path into the secular, common world as well―give or take
a few hundred years!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Kozuka Gothic Pro L";">Please
continue to the post: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>Carolingian –
Manuscript Art Part Two</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-90908241015697635342012-05-30T15:27:00.000-07:002012-05-30T17:22:14.044-07:00Carolingian – Iconography in Religious Art<br />
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i·co·nog·ra·phy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/ˌīkəˈnägrəfē/</span></b><br />
<strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial Unicode MS;"> </span></strong><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial Unicode MS;"><strong> </strong><em> Noun</em></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The use or study of images or symbols in visual arts.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The visual images, symbols, or modes of representation collectively associated with a person, cult, or movement.</span></span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPW6azEIlQzjyohHQqjpym1y75pLY3Em1kb4D4927GFQlGEDXCjG11Wv7_8R8loqOW8rVltVmboQ-2EFRMH1LzlJhJhU22BRtHc0L38U1q1FogAFr6EkkvkV4GW5a01m1AbTjmWGJYMQaY/s1600/christ_pantocrator_mosaic_hagia_sophia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPW6azEIlQzjyohHQqjpym1y75pLY3Em1kb4D4927GFQlGEDXCjG11Wv7_8R8loqOW8rVltVmboQ-2EFRMH1LzlJhJhU22BRtHc0L38U1q1FogAFr6EkkvkV4GW5a01m1AbTjmWGJYMQaY/s640/christ_pantocrator_mosaic_hagia_sophia.jpg" width="523" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Christ pantocrator mosaic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggia_sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There are numerous symbols in religious art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The word ‘symbol’ will be a recurring theme
from this time period forward. Although collectively called symbols, the word ‘icon’ may be
used occasionally. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">For now, let’s concentrate on a few symbols that are significant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These symbols were created and used prior to the
Carolingian period, but seem more visible in the Carolingian monastic abbeys perhaps due to Charlemagne's focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The use
of symbols is seen in <a href="http://www.thejoyofshards.co.uk/history/index.shtml">mosaic</a>s, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a> , stained glass, sculpture, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresco"> frescos</a> and textiles to name a few.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The artist of the time created art in
whatever medium that they excelled in and used the symbols as identification to
tell stories and a pictorial way to tell who the figure is. Since illiteracy
was the norm, more people could recognize a symbol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWXk-G8Ot8HHJvjdun7exV-uZdFPFAfmvnz00qeCQ3iHWE0zeCVqj-aQQ_wHEsQWwRmyw4T5-7pAyItChIC165Es5KKhyphenhyphen-Q30e5Gy5xRpUKzQoNMdhUYVO1l_tZdDopnD1VXYhfBNQFRwv/s1600/KellsFol027v4Evang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWXk-G8Ot8HHJvjdun7exV-uZdFPFAfmvnz00qeCQ3iHWE0zeCVqj-aQQ_wHEsQWwRmyw4T5-7pAyItChIC165Es5KKhyphenhyphen-Q30e5Gy5xRpUKzQoNMdhUYVO1l_tZdDopnD1VXYhfBNQFRwv/s640/KellsFol027v4Evang.jpg" width="484" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The symbols of the four Evangelists are here depicted in
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Kells" title="Book of Kells"><span style="color: blue;">Book
of Kells</span></a>. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The four winged creatures symbolize, clockwise from top left, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_the_Evangelist" title="Matthew the Evangelist"><span style="color: blue;">Matthew</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist"><span style="color: blue;">Mark</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist"><span style="color: blue;">John</span></a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist"><span style="color: blue;">Luke</span></a>. Wikimedia Commons</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS1VKR2gerBuLzl6FUKiiTY152luLqEIfwD4NqckPsaWgkRUq6lZH7l5bWPxj4ZaXTQaDTny42sGHXDY1xFrjf0-yWShtuLnXT7TGGg1vR_eHhUyp8NK1CP8Vux1TRqWvDjDQ_mOeUsAyA/s1600/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS1VKR2gerBuLzl6FUKiiTY152luLqEIfwD4NqckPsaWgkRUq6lZH7l5bWPxj4ZaXTQaDTny42sGHXDY1xFrjf0-yWShtuLnXT7TGGg1vR_eHhUyp8NK1CP8Vux1TRqWvDjDQ_mOeUsAyA/s640/Karolingischer_Buchmaler_um_820_001.jpg" width="510" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Carolingian_art?qsrc=3044" title="Carolingian art"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Carolingian depiction</span></a> from an <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Aachen?qsrc=3044" title="Aachen"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Aachen</span></a> Gospel, 820 Wikimedia Commons<span style="color: #34392b;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Seen in the two images above are the first <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Four_Evangelists">four evangelists</a>: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They wrote four
Gospels which are the first four books New Testament in the Bible. These
four men are frequently represented by symbols.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are normally, but not always, shown with wings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The basic meanings grew over the centuries and are individually articulated below. Above one can compare the way the evangelists looked from the Celtic manuscripts to the Carolingian depictions. They evolved, but symbolically the same thing.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbo_Gospels">Ebbo Gospels</a> are an example of the early Carolingian Gospel book known for an unusual style
of illustration of the four evangelists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was produced in the ninth century at the Benedictine abbey of
Hautvillers, near Reims. There one can see the stylistic renderings of a few of the evangelists.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Qxk4zWQ84po5vIJyaCGoHdUe2enTwVH36Q_y9NYMcWc7jy6E04SjRJHLy741jSWLBOaHkqgrKsqht7ytVJyw4bcj3pJiUdru73dRuQYGkHvYpDIC69P7RmI5GC12EvH9bDRZ6afthx-L/s1600/St__Matthew_symbol_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Qxk4zWQ84po5vIJyaCGoHdUe2enTwVH36Q_y9NYMcWc7jy6E04SjRJHLy741jSWLBOaHkqgrKsqht7ytVJyw4bcj3pJiUdru73dRuQYGkHvYpDIC69P7RmI5GC12EvH9bDRZ6afthx-L/s640/St__Matthew_symbol_.jpg" width="422" /></a> </div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Fol 7v: The Evangelist St. Matthew with his symbol the
angel. (Sic. Winged man)</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Above, “<a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Matthew_the_Evangelist?qsrc=3044" title="Matthew the Evangelist"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Matthew the Evangelist</span></a>,
the author of the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gospel_according_to_Matthew?qsrc=3044" title="Gospel according to Matthew"><span style="color: #3300b5;">first gospel</span></a>
account is symbolized by a winged man, or angel. Matthew's gospel starts with
Jesus' genealogy from <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Abraham?qsrc=3044" title="Abraham"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Abraham</span></a>; it represents
Jesus' <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Incarnation?qsrc=3044" title="Incarnation"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Incarnation</span></a>, and so
Christ's <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Human?qsrc=3044" title="Human"><span style="color: #3300b5;">human</span></a> nature. This signifies that Christians
should use their reason for salvation.” (Wikipedia)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is also frequently seen writing in a book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Matthew: the man.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSlKJF4mQtaf5vHZDHcjF-BkHPuqGi2e8XWgwnSa4CfTLZBD4QxOUMltJRJOLdgqQA0SJ86W2HJIDXpAwilSoouhHFNw7935YzKDeABRcgwRdciWhcLvriD2u-Mk3jHvuyYiuSR_3yFC7S/s1600/St__Mark+the+evangelist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSlKJF4mQtaf5vHZDHcjF-BkHPuqGi2e8XWgwnSa4CfTLZBD4QxOUMltJRJOLdgqQA0SJ86W2HJIDXpAwilSoouhHFNw7935YzKDeABRcgwRdciWhcLvriD2u-Mk3jHvuyYiuSR_3yFC7S/s640/St__Mark+the+evangelist.jpg" width="422" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Fol 47v: The
Evangelist St. Mark with his symbol the lion. Gospels from Mainz,</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><u><span style="color: blue;">
</span></u></span></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Now in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Hague (The
National Library of the Netherlands).Wikimedia Commons</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Above, “<a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist?qsrc=3044" title="Mark the Evangelist"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Mark the Evangelist</span></a>,
the author of the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gospel_according_to_Mark?qsrc=3044" title="Gospel according to Mark"><span style="color: #3300b5;">second gospel</span></a>
account is symbolized by a winged <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Lion?qsrc=3044" title="Lion"><span style="color: #3300b5;">lion</span></a> – a figure of courage and monarchy. Mark
has <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/John_the_Baptist?qsrc=3044" title="John the Baptist"><span style="color: #3300b5;">John the Baptist</span></a>
preaching "like a lion roaring" at the beginning of his Gospel. It
also represents Jesus' <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Resurrection?qsrc=3044" title="Resurrection"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Resurrection</span></a> (because
lions were believed to sleep with open eyes, a comparison with Christ in the
tomb), and Christ as <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Monarch?qsrc=3044" title="Monarch"><span style="color: #3300b5;">king</span></a>. This signifies that
Christians should be courageous on the path of salvation.” (Wikipedia) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mark: the lion.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1zjI1RI1oNacnty2xAXyKd3vBYOKEsk7O09SKBKU0SCuBjYbwuHzoXyMWgcVRrWxlQ7-IcuhLdOBKyRaPHU3Yt5PiJxl5hNZCsIE9I8tUtcbnhUwx42TP5p-Tv9YP3zDkA0umwVff0Yt-/s1600/St.+Luke.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1zjI1RI1oNacnty2xAXyKd3vBYOKEsk7O09SKBKU0SCuBjYbwuHzoXyMWgcVRrWxlQ7-IcuhLdOBKyRaPHU3Yt5PiJxl5hNZCsIE9I8tUtcbnhUwx42TP5p-Tv9YP3zDkA0umwVff0Yt-/s640/St.+Luke.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;">Fol. 104v and 105r of
the Egmond Gospels. The evangelist Luke and his symbol, ca. 900 AD, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt;"><a href="http://www.kb.nl/manuscripts/search/index.html"><span style="color: blue;">Koninklijke Bibliotheek
Website</span></a>, Franco-Saxon illuminator, Wikimedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Above, “<a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist?qsrc=3044" title="Luke the Evangelist"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Luke the Evangelist</span></a>,
the author of the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gospel_according_to_Luke?qsrc=3044" title="Gospel according to Luke"><span style="color: #3300b5;">third gospel</span></a>
account (and the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles?qsrc=3044" title="Acts of the Apostles"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Acts of the Apostles</span></a>)
is symbolized by a winged <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Cattle?qsrc=3044" title="Cattle"><span style="color: #3300b5;">ox</span></a> or bull – a figure of
sacrifice, service and strength. Luke's account begins with the duties of <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Zechariah_(priest)?qsrc=3044" title="Zechariah (priest)"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Zacharias</span></a> in
the temple; it represents Jesus' <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Sacrifice?qsrc=3044" title="Sacrifice"><span style="color: #3300b5;">sacrifice</span></a> in His Passion and Crucifixion, as
well as Christ being High <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Priest?qsrc=3044" title="Priest"><span style="color: #3300b5;">priest</span></a> (this also
represents <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus?qsrc=3044" title="Mary, mother of Jesus"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Mary's</span></a>
obedience). The ox signifies that Christians should be prepared to sacrifice
themselves in following Christ.” (Wikipedia)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Luke:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ox<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTim0F5pE1X2aivuIH8b4uN2txFrdCs9zjzmZacVAUBFVrnTRbUB8SASyqTwlWuT4j4XEf03Okd6FucnGSRA9ytDtJ7o1gwmdiDe4MZ8RwpMRueLMbu51qd7a4QYhK-Qtb3jzNMQ9kYxYa/s1600/2Coronation_Gospels_-_St_John.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTim0F5pE1X2aivuIH8b4uN2txFrdCs9zjzmZacVAUBFVrnTRbUB8SASyqTwlWuT4j4XEf03Okd6FucnGSRA9ytDtJ7o1gwmdiDe4MZ8RwpMRueLMbu51qd7a4QYhK-Qtb3jzNMQ9kYxYa/s640/2Coronation_Gospels_-_St_John.png" width="510" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">St. John, from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_Gospels" title="en:Coronation Gospels"><span style="color: blue;">Coronation Gospels</span></a>. </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Another Carolingian evangelist portrait in
Greek/Byzantine realist style, probably by a Greek artist, also late 8th
century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Above, “<a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/John_the_Evangelist?qsrc=3044" title="John the Evangelist"><span style="color: #3300b5;">John the Evangelist</span></a>,
the author of the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Gospel_according_to_John?qsrc=3044" title="Gospel according to John"><span style="color: #3300b5;">fourth gospel</span></a>
account is symbolized by an <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Eagle?qsrc=3044" title="Eagle"><span style="color: #3300b5;">eagle</span></a> – a figure of the sky,
and believed to be able to look straight into the sun. John starts with an
eternal overview of <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Jesus_the_Logos?qsrc=3044" title="Jesus the Logos"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Jesus the Logos</span></a>
and goes on to describe many things with a "higher" level than the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels?qsrc=3044" title="Synoptic Gospels"><span style="color: #3300b5;">other three (synoptic)
gospels</span></a>; it represents Jesus' <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus_Christ?qsrc=3044" title="Ascension of Jesus Christ"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Ascension</span></a>,
and Christ's <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/God?qsrc=3044" title="God"><span style="color: #3300b5;">divine nature</span></a>. This represents that Christians
should look on eternity without flinching as they journey towards their goal of
union with God.” (Wikipedia) John: the eagle. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhqFkDghCjo7kfkRNxE1ZPs7AXNU-kqhCMqVUl2Gm8LGZGTO1MORRNK8faC9qMDaxe5VkDqiTQ0WjpH026MMSOBSlFzDBMvXT84oBdx2Yq2HFyMg6V1raM7ACHWk5XZ2OSZoJQDYVozDRO/s1600/LorschGospelsFolio72vChristInMajesty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhqFkDghCjo7kfkRNxE1ZPs7AXNU-kqhCMqVUl2Gm8LGZGTO1MORRNK8faC9qMDaxe5VkDqiTQ0WjpH026MMSOBSlFzDBMvXT84oBdx2Yq2HFyMg6V1raM7ACHWk5XZ2OSZoJQDYVozDRO/s640/LorschGospelsFolio72vChristInMajesty.jpg" width="450" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Folio 72 verso of the <i>Codex
Aureus of Lorsch</i> contains an illumination of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Christ in Majesty</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"[…] the usual accompaniment to <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty?qsrc=3044" title="Christ in Majesty"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Christ in Majesty</span></a>
when portrayed during the same period, reflecting the vision in Revelations.
They were presented as one of the most common motifs found on church <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Portal_(architecture)?qsrc=3044" title="Portal (architecture)"><span style="color: #3300b5;">portals</span></a>
and <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Apse?qsrc=3044" title="Apse"><span style="color: #3300b5;">apses</span></a>, as well as many other locations. When
surrounding Christ, the figure of the man is usually at top left – above
Christ's right hand, with the lion above Christ's left arm. Underneath the man
is the ox and underneath the lion is the eagle. This both reflects the medieval
idea of the order of "nobility" of nature of the beasts (man, lion,
ox, eagle) and the text of Ezekiel 1.10. […].” (Wikipedia) </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilxFo73xjNHhzWH6_6tPB2geMmENyNGqRnrU2-f_imU4AEWF6Bg1xwc5du7u1A9-L6D4O7df0LiX6-AVg8LLPdKh8uJ6RbupjlxQnQKOUrsvQ88SKD6hqIwlM1vsw30nhnBb5BWWTTfnKc/s1600/Good_shepherd_01_small.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilxFo73xjNHhzWH6_6tPB2geMmENyNGqRnrU2-f_imU4AEWF6Bg1xwc5du7u1A9-L6D4O7df0LiX6-AVg8LLPdKh8uJ6RbupjlxQnQKOUrsvQ88SKD6hqIwlM1vsw30nhnBb5BWWTTfnKc/s320/Good_shepherd_01_small.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Center of the ceiling of the "Velatio" cubicle:
the Good Shepherd (also sheep and doves with olive branches in trees). Location:
Catacomb of Priscilla, Italy, Rome. Date: Second half of the 3rd century, Wikimedia
Commons<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Above, "the image of the Good Shepherd, often with a sheep on his
shoulders, is the most common of the symbolic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus"><span style="color: blue;">representations of Christ</span></a> found the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome"><span style="color: blue;">Catacombs
of Rome</span></a>, and it is related to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep"><span style="color: blue;">Parable of the Lost Sheep</span></a>. Initially it
was also understood as a symbol like others used in art. By about the 5th
century the figure more often took on the appearance of the conventional
depiction of Christ, as it had developed by this time, and was given a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)"><span style="color: blue;">halo</span></a> and rich robes." <span style="color: #333333;">(Wikipedia)</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1nDJJVCGtxuIv6ILY-nDaeEp4Njdc1eoIL1KdTiKWM1436u8ereE-vOGXdOg912uBX4SimqfoWWodPp1WhbP-ivbwpXrkWIf3QGgSISiIZoMN3Rgv6jipViO94abQoQDUpe4eufGGRqvV/s1600/lamb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1nDJJVCGtxuIv6ILY-nDaeEp4Njdc1eoIL1KdTiKWM1436u8ereE-vOGXdOg912uBX4SimqfoWWodPp1WhbP-ivbwpXrkWIf3QGgSISiIZoMN3Rgv6jipViO94abQoQDUpe4eufGGRqvV/s320/lamb.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Lamb bleeding into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Chalice" title="Holy Chalice"><span style="color: blue;">Holy
Chalice</span></a>, carrying the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexillum" title="Vexillum"><span style="color: blue;">vexillum</span></a>.Wikimedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Above, "the title <i>Lamb of God</i> for Jesus appears only in
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John"><span style="color: blue;">Gospel
of John</span></a>, with the initial proclamation: "Behold the Lamb of God who
takes away the sin of the world" in <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:29" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John"><span style="color: blue;">John 1:29</span></a>, the title
reaffirmed the next day in <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1:36" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John"><span style="color: blue;">John 1:36</span></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgakov_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_of_God#cite_note-Bulgakov-0"><span style="color: blue;">[1]</span></a></sup>
The second use of the title Lamb of God takes place in the presence of the
first two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_apostles" title="Twelve apostles"><span style="color: blue;">apostles</span></a> of Jesus, who immediately follow him,
address him as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi"><span style="color: blue;">Rabbi</span></a>
with respect and later in the narrative bring others to meet him."<span style="color: blue;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="color: #333333;">(Wikipedia)</span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Holy Spirit
depicted as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dove" title="Dove"><span style="color: blue;">dove</span></a>,
surrounded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels" title="Angels"><span style="color: blue;">angels</span></a>,
by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrado_Giaquinto" title="Corrado Giaquinto"><span style="color: blue;">Giaquinto</span></a>, 1750s.Wikimedia Commons</span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 7.5pt;">The four winged creatures that symbolize the Four Evangelists
surround <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty?qsrc=3044" title="Christ in Majesty"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Christ in Majesty</span></a>
on the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Romanesque_art?qsrc=3044" title="Romanesque art"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Romanesque</span></a> <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)?qsrc=3044" title="Tympanum (architecture)"><span style="color: #3300b5;">tympanum</span></a>
of the <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Church_of_St._Trophime?qsrc=3044" title="Church of St. Trophime"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Church of St.
Trophime</span></a> in <a href="http://www.ask.com/wiki/Arles?qsrc=3044" title="Arles"><span style="color: #3300b5;">Arles</span></a> <span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although not <u>exclusive</u>
to Christian art, the halo (nimbus, aureole, glory) is nonetheless a religious symbol.
This halo surrounding the head of a person in art frequently indicates a holy,
sacred person, angels and prophets. The halo has been used by non-Christian
religions as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the concept of energy
from God, divine light or grace of God, a window into heaven.</span><br />
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus"><span style="color: blue;">Nativity</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art"><span style="color: blue;">Transfiguration</span></a></i> of
Christ, with cross haloes; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" title="Twelve Apostles"><span style="color: blue;">apostles</span></a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angel" title="Angel"><span style="color: blue;">angels</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet"><span style="color: blue;">prophets</span></a> have
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">plain ones. (1025-50, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne"><span style="color: blue;">Cologne</span></a>). Wikimedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Above is a story full of iconography.
Notice Christ is standing on a ‘firm foundation.’ Speaking of that, observe what the feet are resting on in religious art; stone/concrete is good and solid<span style="color: #333333;">–</span>like the church. Look at the body language of
the characters, the different types of halos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What are the people holding, if anything, in their hands? How about figuring out who is an apostile, angel or profit?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Iconography has been around since the
</span><span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Paleolithic times</span><span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. Unfortunately, those are studies the Thursday Art Group of 5 (TAG-5) visited prior to the start of this
blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One may not always know what all
the symbols mean, but it is definitely an artistic language. The next time you
visit a museum or church, start seeing at what you are looking at with
different eyes―a new appreciation of what you see may appear―especially those
religious sections that frequently get passed by quickly or you don't pay too much attention to!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My thought is that to appreciate the art, one
must know more about the art. One doesn't even have to like it. This is art appreciation. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mary B.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #34392b; font-family: Arial;">P.S. As you may already have observed, there are just few actual images from the Carolingian period on this post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since free and copyright free images are what I post, it can’t be perfect; the visual references seemed more important. Okay, I’m having my own pity party here people!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br /></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-61324604339491381822012-05-29T17:08:00.001-07:002012-05-29T17:08:06.216-07:00Carolingian Period – Monasteries<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As
mentioned in a previous post, monasteries are an important part of the
Carolingian period. They were producing art! Here are a few to ponder:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The
monastery was established to allow </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">monks to live communally under the
authority of an abbot (meaning: father), who would be the head or chief
governor of the community. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Benedict
of Nursia (St. Benedict) established what is known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictine_"><span style="color: blue;">Benedictine</span></a> Order in ca.
529 AD. I say ‘known as’ because in my research I don’t believe it was his
intention to start a religious order per se, but have it become a standard for
individuals to live in equality for religious study; it just evolved that way
since he was the first to write a book of rules to live by. </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">St. Benedict delivering
his Rule to St. Maurus and other monks of his order,France, </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Monastery of St.
Gilles, Nimes, 1129,</span><span class="plainlinks"><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: blue;">Wikimedia
Commons</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Rule required their members to participate in manual labor, sacred reading, writing, copying books, studying music for chanting, and teaching to name a few. The monasteries were the schools of the early middle ages (aka. early medieval period,) as well as being self-sufficient communities. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The St. Benedict Rule was basically a practical instruction book on day-to-day living and organization of a monastic order.</span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">Hatton 48 fol. 6v-7r of the Bodleian library in Oxford. </span></span></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;">This manuscript is a copy of St. Benedicts rule. Date: 8<sup>th</sup> Century AD, </span></span><span class="plainlinks"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span style="color: blue;">Wikimedia Commons</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During the time
of St. Benedict, manual labor was considered disgraceful and he wanted workers
to have self-respect in whatever work they did by giving it the dignity that
religion had at the time. This was the beginning of the work ethic. He
essentially liberated working people from their association with slavery by
recognizing work as being a self-sufficient activity which benefitted their
entire religious community. You see, working people in that time period were
considered slaves. There was a great disparity between the ‘haves-and-have-nots.’
Remember the St. Patrick post?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict"><span style="color: blue;">St. Benedict Rule's</span></a> became a standard for
Western monastic establishments. Even though it was over two hundred years
later, this standard was encouraged by Charlemagne (remember, Charlemagne was
about setting universal standards in Europe for communication, in a monetary
system, measuring system, and religious communal life to name a few).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The clergy in
monasteries were often, but not always, scribes and scholars and had the skills
of reading and writing at a time where universal illiteracy was the norm. The
monastic libraries and scriptoria (where books were read, copied, illuminated
and bound with ornamented covers) became centers of study and repositories of
what remained of the literary culture of early Christianity. It is written
history not oral history.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While
the Benedictine monistaries were generally male, other religious orders allowed females
(nuns), with an emphasis for them of useful work and sacred reading.
Religious life became not only a calling for men but women as well. Women weren't exactly encouraged to follow this line of work. Then, a woman didn't have to be a virgin to join, just a single woman and that included widows. Times were changing. Women were even becoming saints! I'm wondering now who the first woman saint was in this male dominated world. Hmmmmmm.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saint Gall (St. Gallen),
Switzerland, was only one of these Abbeys that accepted women. Below is a proposed diagram for an ideal
monastery sent to Saint Gall, Switzerland, ca.819 AD as a construction plan for their community. The original was in red ink on parchment.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Plan of St
Gall Monastery/Convent, the only surviving major <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing" title="Architectural drawing"><span style="color: blue;">architectural drawing</span></a> from the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages"><span style="color: blue;">High
Middle Ages</span></a> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Wikimedia Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh55uWfwjry-B3aH_WPC_FvSalbKWWagdPv2RtPR6LI6NwvHKjLCcUjndtvXvMEu79imiEA2BzzCD0Zo8l6JAFOL8Y4c5fmDHMXgYSCQDi58SrHOpmMXr6wBOetnPR3lYTYj4ff5LdbpS3h/s1600/St+Gall-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh55uWfwjry-B3aH_WPC_FvSalbKWWagdPv2RtPR6LI6NwvHKjLCcUjndtvXvMEu79imiEA2BzzCD0Zo8l6JAFOL8Y4c5fmDHMXgYSCQDi58SrHOpmMXr6wBOetnPR3lYTYj4ff5LdbpS3h/s640/St+Gall-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Image</span>: <span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The diagram
version of the Plan, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_architecture" title="Carolingian architecture"><span style="color: blue;">Carolingian style</span></a> Abbey of St. Gall </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Wikimedia Commons</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
(<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">I have personally added a few of the names of the various modules as shown in "Gardner's Art Through the Ages." See Books on the upper blog tab.)</span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This particular plan for a monistary/convent is set up in a series of modules
which are in standard units of 2 ½ feet lengths. All modules are consistent-sized
parts and multiples of parts, including the length of each monk’s bed, widths
of paths in the vegetable garden, etc, to reflect orderliness; a rational
philosophy built on carefully planned units. This is not unlike the division of
books into chapters and subchapters, etc., a virtual outline. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">An
ideal monastery provided all the facilities necessary for the conduct of daily
life: a mill, bakery, infirmary, vegetable garden, and brewery, so that monks
felt no need to wander outside its protective walls. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although this plan wasn’t followed explicitly at St.
Gall, it is nonetheless interesting to look at its layout. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Something else
of note is the size of the chapel. It was not only a chapel, but a temporary refuge for
refugees, or pilgrims who were not allowed in other parts of the compound. It
could temporarily house the family of a sick person in the hospital for the
poor if they had traveled a great distance. It had to be large enough for
people to gather and to benefit from the spiritual teachings; they were also
saving souls―providing it was a speaking order. I'm sure there are some idiosyncrasies
here that I'm missing. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;">As a side note, Saint Paul is the Patron Saint of St. Gall. His symbol is usually a book or a sword. This shows a book. He is recognized not by his actual portrait, but by his symbol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="language"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Image: </span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">Saint
Paul writing. From an early 9th century manuscript, written in the Monastery of
St. Gallen. Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. This is believed to be
one of the earliest depictions of St. Paul in European manuscripts. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The picture follows an early medieval tradition of
depicting the author of a text. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">The inscription </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">says: "S(AN)C(TU)S PAULUS" and "sedet hic
scripsit" ("he sits here and writes"). Wikimedia Commons</span></div>
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</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;">Currently, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gall_Monastery"><span style="color: blue;">library
at St. Gall</span></a> has one of the most complete medieval libraries in the
world. Wikipedia says: </span></div>
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“As of 2005, the library consists of over 160,000 books, of which 2100
are handwritten. Nearly half of the handwritten books are from the middle ages and
400 are over 1000 years old.<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">"</span></sup></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;">Whew! There's so much more to tell.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;">Please note that this “history” is <u>very</u>
brief and my intention is not to offend anyone that has more knowledge on the
subject than me; I am not a religious nor a monastic historian. This is my
blanket disclaimer that I am simply laying groundwork that will be prove important
during the Carolingian period forward as most, if not all, art was religious in
nature. It was a time of conversion, where the church began to take power.
Charlemagne evidently wanted a standard religion—Christianity, his personal religion—he was in power.
It was a significant turning point considering religious images were being
destroyed at the same. (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm"><span style="color: blue;">Byzantine Iconoclasm</span></a>) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: BatangChe;">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-83470700537015190342012-05-28T13:59:00.001-07:002012-05-30T09:21:19.131-07:00The Venetian Connection<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">This image is quintessential Venice</span></span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc-HaSme4owe2pmj1YQdmdI-PmeZW9Jw0LmfOEhZXqAmsQlIZz-Z8T8mfMlsGI0_GQNF9-PABBemd87E4ebGcp9PEzxQMJXc6Mlb4SO-2cQQCk8ND1T37_vX6noJNZ-GB9CiEwWuIWpVhF/s1600/Venice_-_Water_Reflections.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc-HaSme4owe2pmj1YQdmdI-PmeZW9Jw0LmfOEhZXqAmsQlIZz-Z8T8mfMlsGI0_GQNF9-PABBemd87E4ebGcp9PEzxQMJXc6Mlb4SO-2cQQCk8ND1T37_vX6noJNZ-GB9CiEwWuIWpVhF/s640/Venice_-_Water_Reflections.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"><v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Venice - Water Reflections Author: Nino Barbieri</span></v:path></v:stroke></span></v:shapetype></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">,
Wikimedia Commons</span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Like
Hawaii, Venice is another well-known vacation destination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What's the connection?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simply water?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The destination part is a given.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time in history that
a group of people headed for Hawaii by boat, so did a group of
Italian mainlanders head to what is now known now as the Republic of Venice. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did they go there?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Venice was a safe haven; they were refugees. Groups of mainland
Italians went to Venice to escape from conflicts and warring going on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> They felt unprotected on the mainland. I wonder if this is the reason Hawaii was settled―escape.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Unlike Hawaii with all its
usable vegetation, Venice wasn’t an easy place to live because it was basically
a swamp with all the accoutrements that swamps have―good and bad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, there was plenty of fish to eat,
but the mosquitoes were horrendous. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> But, the best part was that invasion of these islets was much more difficult in the beginning.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_1UNia8H55k157JVJMwjHIBFQnsP3q3BSvKrJbDECHnTdnIpppatF2XskXz56EiJ7ZKM0v2iRQ5Q7tVqKhXkZRFosAjV0rWX1MP94ABaTdY1DtYoJf1cJRrL26tiVaBrpU4NWCT4L4i5Y/s1600/Ancient+Venice_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_1UNia8H55k157JVJMwjHIBFQnsP3q3BSvKrJbDECHnTdnIpppatF2XskXz56EiJ7ZKM0v2iRQ5Q7tVqKhXkZRFosAjV0rWX1MP94ABaTdY1DtYoJf1cJRrL26tiVaBrpU4NWCT4L4i5Y/s640/Ancient+Venice_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Image: </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="en:Venice"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">Venice</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> in </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="en:Italy"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">en:Italy</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> on the Kitab-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piri_Reis" title="en:Piri Reis"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri;">en:Piri Reis</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Located in
the Adriatic Sea off Northeast Italy, the Republic of Venice is a series of 118 flat
islands called islets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because islets are
subject to tidal changes, as in they can be submerged, structures could not be directly
built on the “land.” Under Venetian buildings are literally millions of submerged wood pilings/piles used for footings. Brick or stone is
set above these pilings, then structures could be built on that layer. There were no roads,
only foot paths and bridges connecting the islets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yes, even then the lagoons between the islets were navigable
by boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I</span>t is said that “Rome was
not built in a day” neither, obviously, was Venice. Thus, the Venice lagoon community
began to be settled in ca. 421 AD; the same timeframe as the Hawaiian Islands were
being settled. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Architecture is another art form. The following images are from ca. 1851 and ca.2004. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The first image
is indicative of the kind of damage constant moisture leaves behind. Believe me, it was difficult to choose only two images!</span></span><br />
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim_3yNX5cxVxHgmMV_NVJBB226hEMvLXMYD5JElvt5W_DXNIAeYJ51yICSAKc1fsvSyuK9jlYhh3EiUToU5iloxO4T4fQuhitAExyC06n3_4H3b3QfDI16dCBBJn9yl3pLEwl9XibullM6/s1600/425px-Daguerreotype-venice.jpg" /> </div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Above is a Daguerreotype of a Byzantine </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Quadrifora" title="Quadrifora"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">quadrifora</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> in the façade of the </span><a class="new" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Zane_a_Venezia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Palazzo Zane a Venezia (page does not exist)"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Casa degli Zane, Venice</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. The Casa degli Zane is located in the </span><a class="new" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campo_Santa_Maria_Mater_Domini&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Campo Santa Maria Mater Domini (page does not exist)"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Campo Santa Maria Mater Domini</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, a small square just to the west of the Grand Canal in Venice. </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">John Ruskin</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> is known to have used daguerreotypes extensively in the preparation of his encyclopaedic account of Venetian architecture, <i>The Stones of Venice</i>, published in three volumes in 1851 and 1853. <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: </span></span><a class="external free" href="http://witcombe.sbc.edu/arth-technology/images/daguerreotype-venice.gif" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">http://witcombe.sbc.edu/arth-technology/images/daguerreotype-venice.gif</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Author: John Ruskin, <span style="color: #333333;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAkR3iqIx9LTPWm1eUj_LXvuvMjsncOTk7i9C0Zfc8OSXM66bHjWrPN0EnNMICi0ocKBeYB-ywsSNerbL7eRm_7NsNrHAluFMWFxgibTiM2ALV1u7BMvjUoM6O9y4ZJNS7IbE7dIRYwr7D/s1600/venice+architecture-~2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAkR3iqIx9LTPWm1eUj_LXvuvMjsncOTk7i9C0Zfc8OSXM66bHjWrPN0EnNMICi0ocKBeYB-ywsSNerbL7eRm_7NsNrHAluFMWFxgibTiM2ALV1u7BMvjUoM6O9y4ZJNS7IbE7dIRYwr7D/s640/venice+architecture-~2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Palace Ca’ Da Mosto on the Grand Canal in Venice and Bollani Erizzo at extreme right, Author: </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Nino_barbieri" title="User:Nino barbieri"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">User:Nino barbieri</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">,</span> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Venice plays
a very important role in art history and trade. There will be many more references
and connections made to Venice as we move forward in art history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Speaking of moving forward, there is now a bridge from the mainland to these islands. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Here's a
preview. The next blog post will be about symbolism, particularly religious
symbolism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>St. Mark is the Patron Saint
of Venice; their flag still shows the symbol of St. Mark―a lion.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDFNo6wBUq1lNPHf0uM7zbGSjsuGD4OVR10f1t0qkPMWTC3NwH26iL32oB6N-90WsDGXrQ6-_KZVQoDh8ba69aBu5mDRu6bOLFbws8p6XPaZiCGhP7DZlfO4ZeAjufBDWGHG_sGp9M_A6k/s1600/flag+of+Venice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDFNo6wBUq1lNPHf0uM7zbGSjsuGD4OVR10f1t0qkPMWTC3NwH26iL32oB6N-90WsDGXrQ6-_KZVQoDh8ba69aBu5mDRu6bOLFbws8p6XPaZiCGhP7DZlfO4ZeAjufBDWGHG_sGp9M_A6k/s640/flag+of+Venice.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Image: </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Venice,</span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="hps">the Serenissima</span> <span class="hps">Republic</span> <span class="hps">banner</span> <span class="hps">on a</span>
<span class="hps">building in the</span> <span class="hps">Grand Canal</span>,
Wikimedia Commons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">This is just a pittance of information on
Venice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entire books are written on the
subject and ready for you
to explore on your own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, are you wondering
about Shakespeare’s “Merchant of Venice?” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hmmmm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Me
too! I’m sure the story he created has an affinity with real life in Venice. Art includes writing and theater also. There's so much to learn!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-65915049910680775322012-05-26T12:53:00.002-07:002012-05-26T12:53:54.473-07:00Carolingian: In the Beginning<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tag-5 did
something a little different this pastThursday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead of the coffee shop, we went to Mary L.’s home for class and
lunch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It worked out well as we needed an
extra jump start into our studies. Mary L. hooked up her laptop to the television;
we got comfortable in her Family Room and started out by placing the word
Carolingian into her preferred search engine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
Speaking of Comfortable, we had to tease Deborah J. because she looked like a Matisse model as she lounged on the chaise<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">—</span>so comfy she was! </span>This turned out to be so much fun—it’s difficult for five people to
huddle around one laptop in a coffee shop and be able to read a small computer screen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YC5p0G_mlShr4yoz6rI06OuaxeQMCblE79tIM0yMiStJmE7FzgkYO9H63euc4XlXzCcwnigXC4W2MvcjOn0toYnqOmytiQ0H_Q9cfOWe8AJ5dfIKdIYBXdE2nK3NqGLMMD7XD2EGRIUM/s1600/Matisse+Woman_in_a_Purple_Coat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YC5p0G_mlShr4yoz6rI06OuaxeQMCblE79tIM0yMiStJmE7FzgkYO9H63euc4XlXzCcwnigXC4W2MvcjOn0toYnqOmytiQ0H_Q9cfOWe8AJ5dfIKdIYBXdE2nK3NqGLMMD7XD2EGRIUM/s1600/Matisse+Woman_in_a_Purple_Coat.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_a_Purple_Coat" title="Woman in a Purple Coat"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">Woman in a Purple Coat</span></a></span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> by </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">Henri
Matisse</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937" title="1937"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">1937</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">As we read
text from the computer via the television screen, questions of who, what, when, where and why
surfaced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was so handy to bring up a
new tab to explore the questions and have a discussion at the same time. Link after link was
explored and it was decided there’s a lot to learn about the Carolingian
period. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this day-and-age
instantaneous gratification is so much fun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">According to Wikipedia,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The sense of renewal in a newly stabilized
society was galvanized by an elite group of scholars gathered to the court of
Charlemagne. For moral betterment the Carolingian renaissance reached for
models drawn from the example of the Christian Roman Empire of the 4th century.
During this period there was an increase of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literature" title="Literature"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">literature</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">writing</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">arts</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">,
</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">architecture</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">jurisprudence</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical" title="Liturgical"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">liturgical</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> reforms and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">scriptural</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> studies.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">So, this is
where and how we started . More blog posts will be forthcoming about the Carolingian period . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A wonderfully prepared lunch after our study was enjoyed, at which Mary's husband joined us. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">We left with a new excitement about studying this, relatively speaking, short period in history.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-92090441847287098772012-05-26T11:25:00.001-07:002012-05-26T11:26:58.314-07:00Carolingian Art - Paleography<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std";">This post IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE FONT
KNOWN AS</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std";"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CHARLEMAGNE STD.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std";">You too can be found on one's own word processor under ‘fonts’ (this one is from Microsoft
word).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, I promise, I am not yelling—no
matter how hard one tries, IT types ONLY UPPERCASE letters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thank you for your patronage, and congrat's, Charlemagne,
for having a font named after you!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP94m-8OaDIns5mqb4Jpo3-axY9v_Xi8cCVldq0A6RJxIlwwyvObEIL2ZovW4BIEftEgy9klcUAGW4awERz4MqaTLSWSdiRiKTSGFwpCP943l40mkXeMAcTsq9pnsqvNd4WtMXWL1Zdpcr/s1600/carolingian+miniscule.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP94m-8OaDIns5mqb4Jpo3-axY9v_Xi8cCVldq0A6RJxIlwwyvObEIL2ZovW4BIEftEgy9klcUAGW4awERz4MqaTLSWSdiRiKTSGFwpCP943l40mkXeMAcTsq9pnsqvNd4WtMXWL1Zdpcr/s400/carolingian+miniscule.jpg" width="385" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Alcuin</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> (pictured center), was one of the leading scholars of the Carolingian Renaissance</span>, <span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">What does
this have to do with art?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Script is
lettering; it is calligraphy, it is writing, they are symbols of communication;
and obviously needed for manuscripts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> They comprise the words written
between the Illuminated Pages, and how history was passed down to us via
scribes—by hand, before print—for religious and non-religious purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> It was so important that pictures were painted depicting it. </span>This is one of the arts of which Charlemagne
had great influence over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It started in
monasteries (new subject!). <span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It is an art form </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">and it is known as <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paleography">paleography</a>.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCnIXUHUSBpbnLqyq6ifQtXt_7WyLVM_lN-evS4gVZD0jDjKFi_RRe0u95r1tCcyJwFgPcKSg9aDSFWhFbxOrLxquCcfeRQVTlVtjJHMx6LebAb_SkW39R7I4ZL1ECsLXR5tQRSiXCTacv/s1600/510px-Minuscule_caroline_detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCnIXUHUSBpbnLqyq6ifQtXt_7WyLVM_lN-evS4gVZD0jDjKFi_RRe0u95r1tCcyJwFgPcKSg9aDSFWhFbxOrLxquCcfeRQVTlVtjJHMx6LebAb_SkW39R7I4ZL1ECsLXR5tQRSiXCTacv/s1600/510px-Minuscule_caroline_detail.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Carolingian minuscule</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="description"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">This is a </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_editing" title="en:Image editing"><b><i><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: blue;">retouched picture</span></span></i></b></a><span class="description"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">, which means that it has been
digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: <i>cropped detail</i>.
The original can be viewed here: </span></span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Minuscule_caroline.jpg" title="File:Minuscule caroline.jpg"><b><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: blue;">Minuscule_caroline.jpg</span></span></b></a><span class="description"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">. Modifications made by </span></span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%22Paj%22&action=edit&redlink=1" title="User:"Paj" (page does not exist)"><i><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: blue;">"Paj"</span></span></i></a><span class="description"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">.</span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"></span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">From the fantastic <a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/writing.htm">Medieval Writing</a> website, Drs. <a href="http://diannesmedievalwriting.blogspot.com/">Dianne</a> and John Tillotson write: </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span> "The development of <span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/scripts/history5.htm">Caroline Minuscule</a></span>,
or Carolingian minuscule, was a reform which increased the uniformity, clarity
and legibility of handwriting. It was evidently developed in the late 8th
century <a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/glossary.htm#scriptorium" target="footnote"><span style="color: windowtext;">scriptorium</span></a> of
Charlemagne, or in those of the monasteries under his patronage, in the course
of his conscious efforts to revive the literate culture of Classical Rome."</blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(Copyrighted text, <span style="color: windowtext;"><a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/scripts/history5.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">Caroline Minuscule</span></a> </span>printed with
permission of Dr. Dianne Tillitson)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Another description from Wikipedia says: </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“[…] a "book-hand" first used at the
monasteries of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbie" title="Corbie"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Corbie</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> and Tours that introduced the use of
lower case letters. A standardized version of Latin was also developed that
allowed for the coining of new words while retaining the grammatical rules of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Classical Latin</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">. This </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">Medieval Latin</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> became the common language of
scholarship and allowed administrators and travelers to make themselves
understood across Europe.”<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><sup><span style="color: blue;">[10]</span></sup></u><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">During his
reign, </span><span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Charlemagne </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">endeavored
to bring about the respectable renaissance (rebirth) of society by providing a
common language and writing style that allowed for communication across most of
Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Charlemagne Std"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Today, the
common language is English.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Kristen ITC"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">And, by hand or
machine we can choose any lettering we wish!</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Aren’t you glad to be able to communicate this way?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Additional information:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Medieval Writing website has
a superb <a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/glossary.htm#carolineminuscule">glossary</a>
associated with the medieval period. While reading, just click on an underlined word and it will take you to a word definition.There are also numerous original images of texts with additional
information on writing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you have an interest in
calligraphy, or not, check it out!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><a href="http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/writing.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/writing.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-57149162849141580802012-05-22T14:12:00.000-07:002012-05-23T11:32:12.136-07:00Medieval Aloha<span style="color: black; font-family: "Myriad Pro Cond","sans-serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-size: small;">The TAG’s welcomed Mary L. back to art group Thursday (5/17/12).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> We all thought missing a Thursday meeting for this destination was acceptable!</span></span></span> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9o-EVBXvIBBhgQ2ZKLvg9VI9DROMw5wLhyphenhyphenDZG-MOc-YLhAXyxhN2vNl0GUCW1f9KoLZl0lhZldoHD-2A1qhE_YMja9ledHiN4orG4ngxa0R8kDOI4z0nBWkx2SEO6ZJ-6SkzF7l0WiaIW/s1600/800px-Diamond_Head.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9o-EVBXvIBBhgQ2ZKLvg9VI9DROMw5wLhyphenhyphenDZG-MOc-YLhAXyxhN2vNl0GUCW1f9KoLZl0lhZldoHD-2A1qhE_YMja9ledHiN4orG4ngxa0R8kDOI4z0nBWkx2SEO6ZJ-6SkzF7l0WiaIW/s640/800px-Diamond_Head.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Diamond Head from the deck of the Mai Tai
catamaran.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mary L., her husband and grown
children returned from a week vacationing in Hawaii.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary met her husband there 42 years ago and they
hadn’t been back since. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was enjoyable
to hear her stories of fun, adventure, discovery and reminiscence they shared
together as a family. You see, Mary is a great story teller and when she gets
going she can have us roaring with laughter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">While in Hawaii, one of the places Mary visited
the </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";"><a href="http://www.bishopmuseum.org/">BishopMuseum</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">on
Oahu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJWAohQkYhk65DAjqPIUQc9KBeZImZysLUeXq6kXTusIX4QzpnubcbmHz75IwuzhxYRSfpdPCyIAuqNUT6rCVWUMNOzJY13vK-q0P1IpKxT6OxD4os3Rr5bud3h3Rq7f7NAoW8ZZCRDTZ/s1600/Bishop_Museum_front-600px.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfJWAohQkYhk65DAjqPIUQc9KBeZImZysLUeXq6kXTusIX4QzpnubcbmHz75IwuzhxYRSfpdPCyIAuqNUT6rCVWUMNOzJY13vK-q0P1IpKxT6OxD4os3Rr5bud3h3Rq7f7NAoW8ZZCRDTZ/s640/Bishop_Museum_front-600px.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Photo of <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishop_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bishop Museum (page does not exist)"><span style="color: blue;">Bishop Museum</span></a> — Hawaii, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Attribution: </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stan_Shebs" title="User:Stan Shebs"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: blue;">Stan Shebs</span></span></a><span class="licensetplattr"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">She couldn't help herself and purchased a book on Hawaiian quilts in
the museum’s gift shop titled </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Myriad Pro Cond","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Hawaiian-Quilt-Unique-American/dp/1597009318/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1337790916&sr=1-1">The Hawaiian Quilt: A Unique American ArtForm</a></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Myriad Pro Cond","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">by Linda
Boynton Arthur, PhD. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Since </span><span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">quilting
is the genre under which the TAG-5 met, we were all interested in hearing <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">her book review</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">―</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">she
read/consumed it cover-to-cover before arriving back home on the mainland. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This book is not a typical “how to” quilting
book, but is about the history of Hawaiian textiles, Hawaiian quilt origins and
authentic Hawaiian history. The book has amazing image plates. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mary read a passage from the book regarding the
first people arriving in Hawaii from the Marquesas Islands ca. 300-700 CE. This
is the same <u>Early Medieval</u> timeframe we have been studying in Europe—it
is now etched in our brains. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a side
note, these two sets of islands are ~2,400 miles from each other. In her book, Dr.
Arthur states:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">“For
the next 1,300 years, the Hawaiian Islands were unknown to both the Western and
Asian Worlds.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Even though contact with others was limited,
if not nonexistent, there are so many similarities to other cultures such as: political hierarchy, spiritual beliefs, taboos, and myths used to explain life,
creation and the world which is historically important to the majority of
people. Fresh in our minds are the ancient Celts with their pagan beliefs and who shared similar worship practices. As with the
ancient Celts, t</span><span style="color: #232323; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">attoos/body art held great spiritual
and social significance for ancient Hawaiians. This is <span style="color: black;">before Christianity entered into both cultures and things changed.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">It is another reminder to not just look, but really
observe what’s happening elsewhere in the world. Mary L. says: </span> </div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">“Our
studies are enhancing everything! Boom</span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">―</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">click</span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">―</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">everything is more interesting and exciting,
tying things together no matter where you go<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Regarding a motif Mary L. observed at the
museum, she says:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">“I
also must point out the 'Ohio Star' quilt motif on the ancient Kapa mat and the
use of block printing not found elsewhere fits my constant harping that nothing
is really new in design. “<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Kapa mat, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">In her book, Dr. Arthur states:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">“Textiles of all kinds were
considered items of personal wealth . . . Textiles were used in gift exchanges
between chiefs and kings, for trading and as payment of taxes from commoners to
chiefs.” “Textiles proclaimed social status.” “The most valuable items
for trade were the feather garments of royalty, followed by sleeping mats made
of soft flax (maka loa mats), . . . and fabric made from barkcloth (kapa) used
for clothing and bed covers."</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7eMphe4Z1nv79risPZrA02eJhPrh3xDEMQHcIRE54aIpe8fFfes1DLwJRvPbEmtQk5JZ7o0dNoUnvVc_4tJvyN7A8kJGEN5iNznmJuP9SpL-KivLna_d-tXa3SJTrSl-_L4BVMWEnAJ1t/s1600/royalty+capes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7eMphe4Z1nv79risPZrA02eJhPrh3xDEMQHcIRE54aIpe8fFfes1DLwJRvPbEmtQk5JZ7o0dNoUnvVc_4tJvyN7A8kJGEN5iNznmJuP9SpL-KivLna_d-tXa3SJTrSl-_L4BVMWEnAJ1t/s640/royalty+capes.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Feather capes</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggcnuIkRwrrjjmVC6ksXQRkH9Mr7ZnLCiX_RREcrB1YLLg0QlIVdjj2Rc347JHFZM1oovqKgY3srbHTD6sUvym67mzo6iiNVcrspMgbQ0RQ_0S70EGxW83aEuGVYZipnbRSePJ3n-CbrH-/s1600/royalty+feather+cape.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggcnuIkRwrrjjmVC6ksXQRkH9Mr7ZnLCiX_RREcrB1YLLg0QlIVdjj2Rc347JHFZM1oovqKgY3srbHTD6sUvym67mzo6iiNVcrspMgbQ0RQ_0S70EGxW83aEuGVYZipnbRSePJ3n-CbrH-/s400/royalty+feather+cape.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">“Kapa,” a cloth made by felting fibers from
the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree, was used extensively before western
textiles arrived in the islands. Hawaiian kapa designs were more refined
than Polynesia tapa. </span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p>Hawaiian women used wooden mallets to pound strips of bark together to form sheets of various size, texture, and thickness, and finally, kapa was colored with dyes (red, charcoal, brown, yellow, black, pale blue, and pale green) made from native materials. Designs included block printing, a technique not found elsewhere in Polynesia before the arrival of Westerners.</o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Hawaiian
quilting was introduced to the islands by the wives of missionaries in
1820. The design was most likely influenced by the Baltimore Album Quilts
popular circa 1840. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, quilting as we
know it is not ancient in Hawaii, but nonetheless significant and unique. We
have always looked at these quilts in awe because of the amazing amount of
handwork and design involved. Dr. Arthur’s book presents significant
information and insight into this historical art form and it is particularly worth
reading.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YJkNraJhV4b05KO9eLS-IUPOFKhQLgVqjOOfkZe6MS2JNd-Uqqz2HJrz1HO75ZBSv8O2N6nxeBX7UXBf3JTJWkVnc-r6jZVInllC4rhxoMg-qxZNfFMtW2_5jx2ZE2-Ne1trJlscMOWQ/s1600/Hawaiian_quilt%252C_%2527Lei_Mamo%2527%252C_late_19th_century.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9YJkNraJhV4b05KO9eLS-IUPOFKhQLgVqjOOfkZe6MS2JNd-Uqqz2HJrz1HO75ZBSv8O2N6nxeBX7UXBf3JTJWkVnc-r6jZVInllC4rhxoMg-qxZNfFMtW2_5jx2ZE2-Ne1trJlscMOWQ/s640/Hawaiian_quilt%252C_%2527Lei_Mamo%2527%252C_late_19th_century.jpg" width="636" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">Hawaiian quilt,
<i>Lei Mamo</i>, unidentified maker, late 19th century, cotton, plain weave,
appliquéd, quilted with running and overcastting stitches, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Honolulu_Museum_of_Art" title="Honolulu Museum of Art"><span style="color: blue;">Honolulu Museum of Art</span></a><span class="description"> </span></span><span style="color: #888888; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public Domain via
Wikimedia Commons.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Who
would have thought a simple vacation to Hawaii would reap this much
information! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Mary B.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Additional information:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: black; font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">Book: <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Hawaiian-Quilt-Unique-American/dp/1597009318/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1337790916&sr=1-1">The Hawaiian Quilt: A Unique American ArtForm by Linda Boynton Arthur, PhD</a> </span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/dance/gallery/kaeppler.htm"><span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/dance/gallery/kaeppler.htm</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-63022349164693593552012-05-19T14:52:00.001-07:002012-05-19T14:52:07.086-07:00Carolingian Period, HERE WE COME!<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Our
next art history adventure is in the Carolingian period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We will begin Thursday, May 24<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Europe
around 800 (public domain map)</span></span></span><span style="color: #888888; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, Public Domain via
Wikimedia Commons.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">As
mentioned in the St. Patrick post, the rulers of Rome were in charge of Roman state
religions at this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rome was still
in its glory days and adding territories to their empire like crazy to rule
over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the Emperor Constantine who
was in charge of this acceptance of Christianity as a state religion; however
there is debate as to whether he was an actual “believer.” I don’t wish to get
into a debate; it’s simply background to the Carolingian Period. Constantine was also
responsible for the construction of the first church of the Holy Sepulcher at
Jerusalem and Saint Peter’s in Rome (before it was known as Vatican City).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems like he was also responsible for a lot of
dissidence in my opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is another
study subject of its own!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"> The Coronation of
Charlemagne</span></span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">by </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Raffaello_Sanzio" title="Raffaello Sanzio"><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;">Rafael</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">, 1516-1517, Fresco,</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #888888; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public Domain via
Wikimedia Commons.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">On
Christmas day of 800 AD, Pope Leo III crowned Charles the Great, also known as
Charlemagne, the emperor of Rome. This took place at Saint Peter’s Vatican
Basilica. Charlemagne became the first Holy (Christian) Roman Emperor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a side note, this crowning wasn’t necessarily accepted
by other empires at this time. Charlemagne’s Latin name was Carolus Magnus from which
“Carolingian” is derived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This period of
time is historically remarkable because of the art, culture and political
ideals that emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now you know, when
you hear Charles the Great, Charlemagne, or Carolus Magnus (aka Carolingian),
they are referring to the same person/point in time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxyaPs4dbnoYsN37tbDGmTSIfDjMcuN55gMcMaZIl4DiWxDUOI8g_88TVzLmgcBBEp2_ilIqtgUmyAemZiss7dOhRHn5k-ikNYyF5RPdghwly-Jer1mPRnRE2TO2nCr6BCa4jjrxkzRnAC/s1600/597px-Charlemagne_Agostino_Cornacchini_Vatican_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxyaPs4dbnoYsN37tbDGmTSIfDjMcuN55gMcMaZIl4DiWxDUOI8g_88TVzLmgcBBEp2_ilIqtgUmyAemZiss7dOhRHn5k-ikNYyF5RPdghwly-Jer1mPRnRE2TO2nCr6BCa4jjrxkzRnAC/s640/597px-Charlemagne_Agostino_Cornacchini_Vatican_2.jpg" width="496" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Equestrian statue of Charlemagne, by
Agostino Cornacchini (1725) — St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: </span></span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Myrabella" title="User:Myrabella"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">Myrabella</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
/ </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">Wikimedia
Commons</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;"> / </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">CC-BY-SA-3.0</span></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">
& </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFDL" title="w:GFDL"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Calibri; font-size: x-small;">GFDL</span></a><span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Euphemia","sans-serif";">Mary
B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-72596474785196950482012-05-11T10:32:00.000-07:002012-05-11T10:32:03.009-07:00Saint Patrick Left a Puzzle<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It’s
Thursday and TAG-5 didn’t meet today; this is a rarity in 3 years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So I thought I’d go back to the middle of
March and share one of the research items I brought to a meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a little long, but I promise it will get
you thinking about the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">puzzle</b>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGlRQMbHOBAZqncuslMijyp_q6r6IdxX_1e6zGuzA8EwheAglMWoGxfYBK5Vk-V1c2q_XgaPCyImmXOkEUJVo8Mw4jWJaqkqIWSsG37WtMJQZcQRFTenSB4NkScRB4uVyUQubU93AMlsvO/s1600/clover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGlRQMbHOBAZqncuslMijyp_q6r6IdxX_1e6zGuzA8EwheAglMWoGxfYBK5Vk-V1c2q_XgaPCyImmXOkEUJVo8Mw4jWJaqkqIWSsG37WtMJQZcQRFTenSB4NkScRB4uVyUQubU93AMlsvO/s200/clover.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>T </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">ʹ</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">was the day of St. Patrick and all
through the house</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The smell of corned beef and cabbage
was wafting about</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 81pt; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">When all of a sudden to my mind came some
chatter</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 81pt; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Thursday Art Group research should be
on my platter</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 81pt; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">I ran to my computer and was on a new mission
</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">“Who was St. Patrick” I typed in the
question</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 81pt; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Then suddenly a phrase to my eyes did
appear</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It shocked my whole being as I sat in
the chair</span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 81pt; text-indent: 27pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">And read: St. Patrick wasn’t Irish―What???</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">What was I reading, what was this, faux
pas???</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It was like hearing ‘there’s no Santa
Clause.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Okay, I could have tweaked this
forever, but one gets the idea―it was a fact I didn’t know!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Puzzle
Piece 1</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">:</span><br />
<br />
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEialfPLx5XMWLE6MfVHe63ZT0j4zQ2oY9Lo3Bhnc2hoQz87Od4a2xJ2FnT3pxqVvXQqyQ9jHPBUq489hD8uk0pRMUDuiYHu_rSIFc4fxgphFW6nB26P8bMmr4A8TTvrpJatmwt9B2dFkzRY/s1600/387px-Saint_Patrick_%2528window%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEialfPLx5XMWLE6MfVHe63ZT0j4zQ2oY9Lo3Bhnc2hoQz87Od4a2xJ2FnT3pxqVvXQqyQ9jHPBUq489hD8uk0pRMUDuiYHu_rSIFc4fxgphFW6nB26P8bMmr4A8TTvrpJatmwt9B2dFkzRY/s400/387px-Saint_Patrick_%2528window%2529.jpg" width="258" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong>Image: </strong>Saint Patrick stained glass window from Cathedral of Christ the Light, </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Oakland, CA.<em><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Georgia;">(Creative Comons: Att-NC-SA) </span></em><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/2.0/" title=""Attribution for image" "></a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">As TAG-5 quickly discovered 3 years
ago, there’s not a lot of separation between history and art history; they
intertwine. This seems especially true of ancient history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That said some background to the St. Patrick <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">puzzle</b> needs context.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the state of ancient Rome (Roman
Empire), not its inhabitants, in charge of the state <a href="http://www.roman-empire.net/religion/religion.html">religion</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There wasn’t just one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t until c. 312 A.D. that Christianity
was tolerated (accepted?) by the state of Rome. As Romans traveled, settled and conquered new
territories, Christianity spread to larger parts of Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">According to <a href="http://www.saintpatrickcentre.com/stay.php">The St. Patrick Centre</a> “</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">After the Battle of Milvian Bridge in 312
Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and this religion became the
Official Roman Religion. In AD 391 the Roman Emperor Theodosius closed all
temples in the Empire and banned all pagan cults endorsing Christianity as the
official religion of the empire. This command would have eventually been acted
upon in Britain - one of the remotest parts of the empire although Roman for
over three centuries at that time.” </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The first
story is from Dr. Tim Campbell, Director of <a href="http://www.saintpatrickcentre.com/stay.php">The St. Patrick Centre</a> in
Downpatrick, Northern Ireland who kindly gave me permission to reprint it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a synopsis of St. Patrick’s life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">“Saint Patrick was born in a place
called Bannavem Taberniae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We don’t know
exactly where that is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many people think
he was Irish, but that’s not true.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He
was actually born in Britain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a
son and a grandson of clerics, but when he was a teenager, he was a wayward
minister’s son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, he decided he wasn’t
interested in his father’s faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
lived in a big estate and was abducted when he was 16 and brought to Ireland to
a place called Slemish Mountain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Saint
Patrick was a shepherd slave for six years on Slemish Mountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began to hear voices in his head, which he
supposed were God’s voice talking to him, and that gave him the strength after
six years to run away from his master, probably to the southwestern part of
Ireland, and jump onto a ship.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Eventually
he goes home to be with his people again, and he becomes a cleric because of
his experience, and eventually a bishop.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One
night in his sleep the angel Victoricus comes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I call him “Victor the Mailman” because he came with this great big bag
of mail, one of which was addressed to Patrick, and it said, “Vox Hibernicus,
the voice of the Irish.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>More
or less, “Dear Patrick, please come back and save us”, which he decides to do.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm7dIz29lssF2fwaITU4OGFUToc2wujnRnSJU1A4o-XKhUCLFYD58aiCM-qnO7IE445rF8JzHiS1LN0ffTlJNYExhtMJ_UW8Xk28_j1TTQSbZcH6CG2_4QbdkWjn41OLsIt2IEN4ro0TZT/s1600/Slemish_(8)_-_geograph_org_uk_-_834986.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm7dIz29lssF2fwaITU4OGFUToc2wujnRnSJU1A4o-XKhUCLFYD58aiCM-qnO7IE445rF8JzHiS1LN0ffTlJNYExhtMJ_UW8Xk28_j1TTQSbZcH6CG2_4QbdkWjn41OLsIt2IEN4ro0TZT/s1600/Slemish_(8)_-_geograph_org_uk_-_834986.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span class="description"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><strong>Image</strong>: Slemish seen from Buckna (Northern Ireland).</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span class="description"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Puzzle Piece 2</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">My “prepared mind” now comes into play.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few days ago, I came across this article
and this tag line caught my eye: <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“The traditional story that Patrick was kidnapped from
Britain, forced to work as a slave, but managed to escape and reclaim his
status, is likely to be fiction."</span></i></b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 16.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 16.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><hr align="center" size="0" width="100%" />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
</span><div style="text-align: right;">
<i><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">—Dr Roy Flechner<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgMMKqLXPfMc3bO91zgc84UzKe2HORv2Sr1tVsPZOjKhwGNH-ibJcGTIl6TaM-Lcs3X6igDUDDmzkoFClIbDPBNmrIAQPskzB3xE_dHycUsaxtpDRmk8oOEuiWRVLYTiBVEb6U0pAV4_oF/s1600/Celtic-Cross-560x315.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgMMKqLXPfMc3bO91zgc84UzKe2HORv2Sr1tVsPZOjKhwGNH-ibJcGTIl6TaM-Lcs3X6igDUDDmzkoFClIbDPBNmrIAQPskzB3xE_dHycUsaxtpDRmk8oOEuiWRVLYTiBVEb6U0pAV4_oF/s1600/Celtic-Cross-560x315.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #444444;"><strong><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">Image: </span></strong><i><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Celtic cross Credit: Andrea Raia from Flickr (Creative Comons: Att-NC-SA) </span></i></span></span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/2.0/" title=""Attribution for image" "></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The classic
account of St Patrick’s life tells us that he was abducted from Western Britain
in his teens and forced into slavery in Ireland for six years before escaping,
during which time his faith developed. However, a new article looking at
Patrick’s own writings in their historical context argues that the saint may
have in fact fled to Ireland deliberately to avoid becoming a ‘Decurion’ – a
Roman official responsible for tax collection.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">“In the
troubled era in which Patrick lived, which saw the demise and eventual collapse
of Roman government in Britain in 410, discharging the obligations of a
Decurion, especially tax-collecting, would not only have been difficult but
also very risky,” says Dr Roy Flechner of the University of Cambridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Flechner’s article, “Patrick’s Reasons for
Leaving Britain”, appears in <em><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tome:
Studies in Medieval Celtic History and Law in Honour of Thomas Charles-Edwards</span></em>,
edited by Fiona Edmonds and Paul Russell (Boydell, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The position
of Decurion was hereditary, and by the time of St Patrick it was a far from
desirable administrative post to hold in this part of the Roman Empire. As well
as tax-collecting (for which any shortfall came from the Decurion’s own
pocket), there was road maintenance and the recruitment of soldiers to contend
with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Patrick’s own father Calpornius
exploited a bail-out clause in Roman law that allowed him to leave his post as
a Decurion by joining the clergy – on the proviso that the role got passed to
his son Patrick.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The heir of
a Decurion would instantly qualify for the role, as they possessed by default
the necessary wealth. According to Flechner, once Patrick was faced with the
obligation to become a Decurion following the void left by his father, he chose
to emigrate overseas. Ireland would have been a natural choice, given its
proximity and links with western Britain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Patrick would have had to find a way of retaining at least some of the
family estate, in order to initially fund his way in Ireland. In the
late-antique British Isles this normally came in the form of land.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Ireland did
not have a monetary economy at this early stage, so exchanging land for money
would have been pointless. Slaves, however, were a highly valued commodity and
Patrick mentions that his family owned several, as did all aristocratic
families in Britain at this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slaves
were also relatively easy to transport, and in the historical context it makes
sense that Patrick would have converted his family wealth to slaves. So was St
Patrick, the freed Christian slave of legend, actually a slave owner and
trader?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">“It may seem
strange that a Christian cleric of Patrick’s stature would own slaves, but in late
antiquity and the early middle ages the church was a major slave owner – early
medieval Irish legal texts regulate the church’s ownership of slaves,” says
Flechner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The only objections to
slavery in this period were cases in which Christian slaves were owned by
non-Christian masters. Patrick is known to have attempted to free enslaved
captives, but only those that were Christians he had converted himself.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The traditional story that Patrick was
kidnapped from Britain, forced to work as a slave, but managed to escape and
reclaim his status, is likely to be fiction: the only way out of slavery in
this period was to be redeemed, and Patrick was never redeemed. The traditional
legend was instigated by Patrick himself in the letters he wrote, because this
is how he wanted to be remembered.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Dr Flechner,
who is a Research Fellow at the university’s Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse
and Celtic, adds, “Escaped slaves had no legal status and could be killed or
recaptured by anyone. The probability that Patrick managed to cross from his
alleged place of captivity in western Ireland back to Britain undetected, at a
time when transportation was extremely complicated, is highly unlikely.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br /><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">“None of
this is to say that Patrick was not a bishop or that he did not engage in
missionary activity, but his primary motives for moving to Ireland were most
likely to escape the poisoned chalice of his inherited position in Roman
Britain.”<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Source</span>:
</span><a href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/was-st-patrick-a-slave-trading-roman-official-who-fled-to-ireland/" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">University of Cambridge</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><a href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape alt="Creative Commons Licence" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/" id="_x0000_i1028" o:button="t" style="height: 11.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 60pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Following are a couple of comments posted after this article
which brings up a whole new subject, but also adds insight to the time. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt;">“Patrick
could have had slaves; slavery was universal at that time. It was not based on
racial aspects but "you lost the war, you now row the galley." Read
the Bible; see how much Mathew (Levi) was hated by his fellow Jews including
Simon Peter for being a tax collector for the Romans. And in Patricks time the
decaying Roman empire (hint; think USA) was not what you wanted to work for.”</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">“A little too light a gloss on slavery: most slaves were raided,
just like in Africa. Ireland became an entrepot for slavery until after AD 1000
- from all over Europe, not just the West Britain. The "racial"
aspect you refer to wasn't the motive for later slavery. It started more
because the cheapest supply of slaves happened to have a different skin color
and that evolved onto a quasi-moral justification. Before that slave supply
also typically came from abroad but in Northern Europe happened to be white.
There was nothing nicer about slavery in Patrick's day.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Okay, there
you have it; two parts to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">puzzle</b>.
Which way would you put it together?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">There’s lots of information
in this post to do additional research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was very
impressed with the information on <a href="http://www.saintpatrickcentre.com/stay.php"><span style="font-size: small;">The St. Patrick Centre</span></a><span style="color: black; font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">
website―definitely worth exploring all the tabs on this site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Also, <a href="http://www.burtwolf.com/pdf/stpatrick.pdf">Burt Wolf</a> has has great info on St. Patrick. This link is to the actual script from his television show, and there's more at his website.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">What does this have to do with art
history?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The popes and their emissaries realized
early on that if they incorporated the symbols of any Pagan religion into that
of the Christian religion they would have more converts, therefore more
control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Control over reigning rulers of
the Roman Empires conquests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Ireland,
for example, one will see ancient Celtic art (knots, symbols, circles, etc.) on
familiar items such as crucifixes, also in the Illuminated Manuscripts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Happy researching!</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Mary B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLCHBLhgVqusluxTO79_2MmTS1WLypHvK8UrZtKILnuq-_LuQ0_2bOe8H9KLcpaVdwyHY8t0C9CTPRgE1ew6vSzEgLrNTDQ8Bd64ep-7tPDe14IUQg_oOhMi0vdgIwuAdEG8Y1QCqOyvEN/s1600/450px-KellsFol292rIncipJohn.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLCHBLhgVqusluxTO79_2MmTS1WLypHvK8UrZtKILnuq-_LuQ0_2bOe8H9KLcpaVdwyHY8t0C9CTPRgE1ew6vSzEgLrNTDQ8Bd64ep-7tPDe14IUQg_oOhMi0vdgIwuAdEG8Y1QCqOyvEN/s640/450px-KellsFol292rIncipJohn.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Image</strong>: The Book of Kells, (folio 292r), </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circa" title="Circa"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">circa</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 800, showing the lavishly decorated text that opens the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Gospel of John</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. </span><span class="description"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Creative Commons</span></a> </span></span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhihbTV_EJu_ybOUai61ECturvZlnVKb7CuOcONxp8au1nzBeZhiL998HL2H1owAKrQQjEC7_1f3Bb_MYVZB7X9PrkOqDUTsW7RozWYS5QAO46xsFOQV0ZV-V4C75xgW5T0NtLosCW9sT9v/s1600/460px-KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhihbTV_EJu_ybOUai61ECturvZlnVKb7CuOcONxp8au1nzBeZhiL998HL2H1owAKrQQjEC7_1f3Bb_MYVZB7X9PrkOqDUTsW7RozWYS5QAO46xsFOQV0ZV-V4C75xgW5T0NtLosCW9sT9v/s640/460px-KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg" width="490" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Kells" title="Book of Kells"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">Book of Kells</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;">, Folio 32v, Christ Enthroned. Source:Scanned from <i>Treasures of Irish Art, 1500 B.C. to 1500 a.D. : From the Collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, & Trinity College, Dublin,</i>Metropolitan Museum of Art & Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1977, </span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394428072"><span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;">ISBN 0394428072</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. <span class="description"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons"><span style="color: blue;">Creative Commons</span></a> </span></span></span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"></a></td></tr>
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</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-40353427934965522832012-05-04T16:51:00.002-07:002012-05-04T16:51:39.842-07:00CHANCE FAVORS THE PREPARED MIND<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">This has
turned out to be one of my favorite sayings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One may ask: to whom is it attributed? The first time I saw this phrase
it was attributed to Ansel Adams; since then, I’ve seen other names such as <span class="st"><span style="color: #222222;">Louis Pasteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What does it mean?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here is my experience:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While working on my BFA degree, I used a
dragonfly as a motif.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve always been fascinated
by them. I occasionally saw them in my yard. Some time ago while
vacationing in Gulf Shores, Alabama, and staying in a cabin on stilts, I pointed
out a humongous dragonfly hovering at cabin level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Out of the blue, a bird suddenly flew by and
snatched it in one fell swoop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We all stood motionless, in disbelief of what had been witnessed.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm4c9SB_0En1UmrO7r8zMeudmntLYGPK_t8ATd9g3v3HhMLdmRy2onAcdAYjGoCG-xYAXBfD9mHj_uRe95XSSPO_IpxiaSKegO7_JQx5F5Skgrqv2zeJzYFqlBnuH_xFwxjcHb_1ULQGic/s1600/dragonfly_morph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm4c9SB_0En1UmrO7r8zMeudmntLYGPK_t8ATd9g3v3HhMLdmRy2onAcdAYjGoCG-xYAXBfD9mHj_uRe95XSSPO_IpxiaSKegO7_JQx5F5Skgrqv2zeJzYFqlBnuH_xFwxjcHb_1ULQGic/s400/dragonfly_morph.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright of the author of this blog post</span><br />
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Back to school.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using a
dragonfly motif required me to <span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">study them with more awareness</span></span>―the once dreaded
</span></span><span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Ravie; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">research</span></span><span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I learned about dragonflies
was quite fascinating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since then, I see
dragonflies in one form or another <u>everywhere</u>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wondered why I hadn’t noticed before. Was
it always a popular motif?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it occurred
to me that my mind had been prepared from my research to observe differently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I graduated from college, my dear friend Mary L.
presented me with bookends that say “Chance favors the prepared mind.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are a cherished possession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an artist, not a scientist, I understand Ansel
Adams and his photography more now. He knew what to look for and when because he studied his landscapes.</span></span></div>
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">What has happened while studying art history the past three years
is that our minds have been prepared to notice things related to what we previously
studied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All due to our new favorite
word: </span></span><span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Ravie; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">research</span></span><span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yesterday, not only did Mary L. share the information
she discovered about The Staffordshire Hoard, but shared another National Geographic
article from the June 2011 issue titled
“The Birth of Religion” by Charles C. Mann.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It seems the question “Who am I?” and “Where did I come from?” was not
lost on these Neolithic ancestors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mann
says:<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><em>”<span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Most of the world's great religious centers, past and
present, have been destinations for pilgrimages—think of the Vatican, Mecca,
Jerusalem, Bodh Gaya (where Buddha was enlightened), or Cahokia (the enormous
Native American complex near St. Louis).</span><span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>They are monuments for spiritual travelers, who often came
great distances, to gawk at and be stirred by. Göbekli Tepe may be the first of
all of them, the beginning of a pattern. What it suggests, at least to the
archaeologists working there, is that the human sense of the sacred—and the
human love of a good spectacle—may have given rise to civilization itself.”</em></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeV9EpZjsrS07pXiOH6riF4XThm7OeVQm-HSHpYXPDWxdzxksMy5QT47_fJQ2Ws0H1UvrDaoMRDp0Y2-09A39yurI6GtcHEKaOq47eSAFul3fKAz_Wt5e7kg7tZC7y-t1nJXLUh6aNHfc/s1600/Gobekli+Tepe+A.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEeV9EpZjsrS07pXiOH6riF4XThm7OeVQm-HSHpYXPDWxdzxksMy5QT47_fJQ2Ws0H1UvrDaoMRDp0Y2-09A39yurI6GtcHEKaOq47eSAFul3fKAz_Wt5e7kg7tZC7y-t1nJXLUh6aNHfc/s320/Gobekli+Tepe+A.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Image: <span style="color: #222222;">Göbekli Tepe, </span>Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">While studying the Neolithic period 3 years ago, we touched on
the subject of the Göbekli Tepe (pron. Guh-behk-lee The-peh) located in
Southern Turkey. It gave us a glimpse into the period of time (11,600 years
ago) when civilization was beginning to unfold:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>People working together instead of independently. It was a lifestyle
evolving. Göbekli Tepe may be the most significant site as it was originally built
of cleanly carved limestone, the tallest are 18 feet high and weigh
approximately 16 tons. (Yikes!) It took a lot of human brainpower to construct
this detailed architectural and engineered structure. Keeping in mind that this
is not the only Neolithic site but one of many, Mann says:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in;">
<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Discovering that Hunter-gatherers had
constructed Göbekli Tepe was like finding that someone had built a 747 in a
basement with an X-Acto knife.”<o:p></o:p></em></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjApsOIDNTgA-KgZYHPi40ZfbUNvcbTHZvSJir8DUujhukYgrUZJfKxxSSpUkO95giSb1Lu65XJ2FB6faN5R53scRBWDtUi6Uy3pCjjzZjOMo358nu9kybKh-fvUyo6OKzrhYjAIu7QqcLY/s1600/GBEKLI+TepeC.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjApsOIDNTgA-KgZYHPi40ZfbUNvcbTHZvSJir8DUujhukYgrUZJfKxxSSpUkO95giSb1Lu65XJ2FB6faN5R53scRBWDtUi6Uy3pCjjzZjOMo358nu9kybKh-fvUyo6OKzrhYjAIu7QqcLY/s320/GBEKLI+TepeC.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Image: <span style="color: #222222;">Göbekli Tepe, </span>Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8R7eYyzsjCJ2dA_fUEJ4rjxc4cYaXIJkIKlGHkAHnK1zVn2hGqKY-ErSnAmuUnzkLWgzxhzYA6T-dEzxwbjGZ_AyEDOvq32OjW7tbLm0jElfbUutp1GSGsXAEXbg34dajdefvWr7zHkWB/s1600/Gobekli_Tepe_D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8R7eYyzsjCJ2dA_fUEJ4rjxc4cYaXIJkIKlGHkAHnK1zVn2hGqKY-ErSnAmuUnzkLWgzxhzYA6T-dEzxwbjGZ_AyEDOvq32OjW7tbLm0jElfbUutp1GSGsXAEXbg34dajdefvWr7zHkWB/s320/Gobekli_Tepe_D.jpg" width="212" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Image: <span style="color: #222222;">Göbekli Tepe, </span>Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Kaus Schmidt, a German archaeologist, has been working and studying
the surrounding areas at Göbekli Tepe for almost 15 years. To add additional
context, he was also part of a group working at </span></span><span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Şanlıurfa (pronounced
shan-LYOOR-fa) “the place where the Prophet Abraham supposedly was born” which
is about 9 miles from </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Göbekli
Tepe. Schmidt says:</span></div>
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<span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><em>"Twenty years ago everyone believed civilization was driven
by ecological forces," Schmidt says. "I think what we are learning is
that civilization is a product of the human mind."</em></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4tIfuY1SWY4_bqQ4vOa8cUK_CDo-zaXPypOBy3W3VRtmEmRfLJP6jE5zD7pqywXVzcl2MVcMEeczgiifu8okdJJR8p6ymbb4ry7CIr53tZBKa4HF0TUeXJXS2a2i74Uorw1yxjpPBEK50/s1600/Gobekli+Tepe+B.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4tIfuY1SWY4_bqQ4vOa8cUK_CDo-zaXPypOBy3W3VRtmEmRfLJP6jE5zD7pqywXVzcl2MVcMEeczgiifu8okdJJR8p6ymbb4ry7CIr53tZBKa4HF0TUeXJXS2a2i74Uorw1yxjpPBEK50/s320/Gobekli+Tepe+B.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Image: <span style="color: #222222;">Göbekli Tepe, </span>Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">During Mary L.’s sharing, our thoughts went back to ‘The Birth
of TAG-5’ and the Neolithic period we previously studied/researched in-depth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chance favored her prepared mind and we were
the recipients! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The subject wasn’t
cold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We understood the where, what and
how’s of the caves, hunter gatherers; the Fertile Crescent; the confluence of
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; the beginning of farming, etc., and their art.
It was fun to understand what Charles C. Mann was talking about in his article.
It filled in some of our ‘blanks.’ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
one of us had a question, another would have an answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a great discussion!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope you will read the entire article for
yourself. Oh, and thank you Mary L.</span></span><br />
<br />
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The link to the article is: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/mann-text"><span style="color: blue;">http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/mann-text</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Make sure to view the two minute video
showing progression of an architectural scale model of the site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As usual, the actual magazine </span></span><span class="st"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">article<span style="color: #222222;"> has incredible images.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Mary B.</span><br />
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-61156695813777740312012-05-03T21:58:00.002-07:002012-05-03T21:58:48.890-07:00Early Medieval Current Events<div align="center">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Does this perhaps sound like
an oxymoron? Just when TAG5 (The Thursday Art Group of 5) thought we were just
about finished with this period, Mary L. found some interesting information
while perusing the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC section at her library branch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cover of the November, 2011 issue labeled
“England’s Medieval Mystery” caught her eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inside was the article titled “Magical
Mystery Treasure, Buried in the English countryside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anglo-Saxon in origin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who hid it and why?” written by Caroline
Alexander.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span> <span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">“<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">One day</b>, or perhaps one night, in the
late seventh century an unknown party traveled along an old Roman road that cut
across an uninhabited heath fringed by forest in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of
Mercia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Possibly they were soldiers, or
then again maybe thieves―the remote area would remain notorious for highwaymen
for centuries―but at any rate they were not casual travelers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stepping off the road near the rise of a
small ridge, they dug a pit and buried a stash of treasure in the ground.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";">For
1,300 years, the treasure lay undisturbed, and eventually the landscape evolved
from forest clearing to grazing to working field."</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-aFazBaP9uDPyj3tpTeNFQD9a1s5rFWPN5kNpBk9vX_50_1xYu_CWYoK8fXNBrjLUYOg1s8NgFNZr8qI6Wk9WRrNiFsUCcUG9xr9lBvB-QCmL6hacohsiZmk-ADqMcnYnwfS1tvx-UlKB/s1600/mercia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-aFazBaP9uDPyj3tpTeNFQD9a1s5rFWPN5kNpBk9vX_50_1xYu_CWYoK8fXNBrjLUYOg1s8NgFNZr8qI6Wk9WRrNiFsUCcUG9xr9lBvB-QCmL6hacohsiZmk-ADqMcnYnwfS1tvx-UlKB/s320/mercia.jpg" width="249" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Saxonengland</span>, <span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Then, in
2009, along came Terry Herbert with his metal detector looking for a lost wrench.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What he found was 3,500 pieces of <span style="color: black;">GOLD</span>, silver and garnet objects buried from 1,300
years earlier (ca 650-700 A.D.) worth over $5,000,000 (count those zero’s) for half the found items.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was designated “The Staffordshire Hoard” and
described as military in fashion as there was no women’s ornamentation in the lot.
Combat was their way of doing business―or plunder and hoard as it is so aptly
named.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When coming of age, a boy was
given a shield and spear; the spear used for hunting food or for defense. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a very bloody time to live―not quite as
“romantic” as has been portrayed in novels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Speaking of
GOLD, seemingly it has always been thought
of as precious; used in the art of metallurgy as magic and for magical
functions; is engrained in myths; collected for wealth; used for talismans and
holy relics to name a few. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigHe9j5J65x_tDnTmkskgilGx5XuCzPuEOMA6OovgxGkcgJKkLmzQVfZ5Q5ikxq2psDA8jYNg_1fNNpp9nimujqlN-o42cPEjd2vvt60EtYeazC5Jde5JJioeBg9YQ1CeoUzO91N8b_jip/s1600/Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigHe9j5J65x_tDnTmkskgilGx5XuCzPuEOMA6OovgxGkcgJKkLmzQVfZ5Q5ikxq2psDA8jYNg_1fNNpp9nimujqlN-o42cPEjd2vvt60EtYeazC5Jde5JJioeBg9YQ1CeoUzO91N8b_jip/s320/Staffordshire_hoard_annotated.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Staffordshire treasure; </span><span style="color: #191919; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons</span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><em>What does
this all have to do with art history?</em><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><em> </em> </span>It’s
the intricate carvings (some of which are just 1.6” high), inscriptions, bas
relief, cloisonné and other adornments on these gold pieces that give a glimpse of
the era’s art. Celtic knots, inlays of precious stones are all visual displays
of their art. Visual art was their way of communicating as not everyone could
read the written word. But symbolism/imagery, <em>that</em> was universal. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">An exercise
the TAG5 uses is: While reading if a word, term or geographic name that isn’t
totally understandable or familiar just simply GOOGLE it and see what
the thread leads to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Example: Anglo-Saxons - who exactly were they?)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">To read and
find more information, type ‘England’s Medieval Mystery’ into NG’s
search box at:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nationalgeographic.com</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the <u>best</u> way is to find the actual National
Geographic November 2011 issue because the detailed images are spectacular (they are
not all on the website). Also included are a maps and an historical timeline.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The good news: The bottom line is there will always something new to find out about things found. The bad news: I'm afraid the only relecs our ancestors will find are plastic bottles and disposible diapers 1,300 years from now!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Mary B.</span></div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-65451052139884111932012-04-28T17:16:00.003-07:002012-04-28T17:16:35.957-07:00Early Medieval Music<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Being the
ever-so-curious person that I am, while reading<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> The Mists of Avalon</i> I began
to think about Early Medieval music, so I went to the web to see what I could
find.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Loreena McKennitt is who I found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In her autobiography, she says: <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">“</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">I became smitten with what is now
referred to as Celtic music in the late 1970s, but it was only when I started
to connect with its history that my journey really began. At an exhibition of Celtic
artifacts in Venice in 1991, I learned about the geographic and historic spread
of the Celts. I found myself drawn into a rich, ancient tapestry of sounds and
rhythms and stories. I discovered myths and traditions that resemble one
another from far corners of the globe, people who share traits and yet are
instinctive.”</span></i><span style="color: #907e66;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #907e66;">(find more of Loreena's information at </span><a href="http://www.quinlanroad.com/homepage/index.asp"><span style="color: #1c62b9;">http://www.quinlanroad.com/homepage/index.asp</span></a><span style="color: #907e66;">)
</span><br />
<br />
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The Lady of Shalott was a young woman who fell in
love with Sir Lancelot, King Arthur’s best friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alfred Lloyd Tennyson wrote about her and
Loreena McKennitt sings it beautifully. Is it authentic music?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, but it is a connection from the past to
the present and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> s</span>he sings it like a
bard. The YouTube video author said that when the video was uploaded she was only permitted 10 minutes at that point in time, so some of the end may be missing. :-( </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Mary B.</span></div>
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<object width="320" height="266" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://0.gvt0.com/vi/Vw_cZGrVFqw/0.jpg"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Vw_cZGrVFqw&fs=1&source=uds" />
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<b><u><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The
Lady of Shalott </span></u></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">By
Alfred Lloyd Tennyson</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN;">On
either side of the river lie<br />
Long fields of barley and of rye,<br />
That clothe the world and meet the sky;<br />
And thro' the field the road run by<br />
To many-towered Camelot;<br />
And up and down the people go,<br />
Gazing where the lilies blow<br />
Round an island there below,<br />
The island of Shalott.<br />
<br />
Willows whiten, aspens quiver,<br />
Little breezes dusk and shiver<br />
Thro' the wave that runs for ever<br />
By the island in the river<br />
Flowing down to Camelot.<br />
Four grey walls, and four grey towers,<br />
Overlook a space of flowers,<br />
And the silent isle imbowers<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
Only reapers, reaping early,<br />
In among the bearded barley<br />
Hear a song that echoes cheerly<br />
From the river winding clearly<br />
Down to tower'd Camelot;<br />
And by the moon the reaper weary,<br />
Piling sheaves in uplands airy,<br />
Listening, whispers "'tis the fairy<br />
The Lady of Shalott."<br />
<br />
There she weaves by night and day<br />
A magic web with colours gay,<br />
She has heard a whisper say,<br />
A curse is on her if she stay<br />
To look down to Camelot.<br />
She knows not what the curse may be,<br />
And so she weaveth steadily,<br />
And little other care hath she,<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
And moving through a mirror clear<br />
That hangs before her all the year,<br />
Shadows of the world appear.<br />
There she sees the highway near<br />
Winding down to Camelot;<br />
And sometimes thro' the mirror blue<br />
The Knights come riding two and two.<br />
She hath no loyal Knight and true,<br />
The Lady Of Shalott.<br />
<br />
But in her web she still delights<br />
To weave the mirror's magic sights,<br />
For often thro' the silent nights<br />
A funeral, with plumes and lights<br />
And music, went to Camelot;<br />
Or when the Moon was overhead,<br />
Came two young lovers lately wed.<br />
"I am half sick of shadows," said<br />
The Lady Of Shalott.<br />
<br />
A bow-shot from her bower-eaves,<br />
He rode between the barley sheaves,<br />
The sun came dazzling thro' the leaves,<br />
And flamed upon the brazen greaves<br />
Of bold Sir Lancelot.<br />
A red-cross knight for ever kneel'd<br />
To a lady in his shield,<br />
That sparkled on the yellow field,<br />
Beside remote Shalott.<br />
<br />
His broad clear brow in sunlight glow'd;<br />
On burnish'd hooves his war-horse trode;<br />
From underneath his helmet flow'd<br />
His coal-black curls as on he rode,<br />
As he rode back to Camelot.<br />
From the bank and from the river<br />
he flashed into the crystal mirror,<br />
"Tirra Lirra," by the river<br />
Sang Sir Lancelot.<br />
<br />
She left the web, she left the loom,<br />
She made three paces taro' the room,<br />
She saw the water-lily bloom,<br />
She saw the helmet and the plume,<br />
She looked down to Camelot.<br />
Out flew the web and floated wide;<br />
The mirror cracked from side to side;<br />
"The curse is come upon me," cried<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
In the stormy east-wind straining,<br />
The pale yellow woods were waning,<br />
The broad stream in his banks complaining.<br />
Heavily the low sky raining<br />
Over towered Camelot;<br />
Down she came and found a boat<br />
Beneath a willow left afloat,<br />
And round about the prow she wrote<br />
The Lady of Shalott<br />
<br />
And down the river's dim expanse<br />
Like some bold seer in a trance,<br />
Seeing all his own mischance -<br />
With a glassy countenance<br />
Did she look to Camelot.<br />
And at the closing of the day<br />
She loosed the chain and down she lay;<br />
The broad stream bore her far away,<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
Heard a carol, mournful, holy,<br />
Chanted loudly, chanted lowly,<br />
Till her blood was frozen slowly,<br />
And her eyes were darkened wholly,<br />
Turn'd to towered Camelot.<br />
For ere she reach'd upon the tide<br />
The first house by the water-side,<br />
Singing in her song she died,<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
Under tower and balcony,<br />
By garden-wall and gallery,<br />
A gleaming shape she floated by,<br />
Dead-pale between the houses high,<br />
Silent into Camelot.<br />
Out upon the wharfs they came,<br />
Knight and Burgher, Lord and Dame,<br />
And round the prow they read her name,<br />
The Lady of Shalott.<br />
<br />
Who is this? And what is here?<br />
And in the lighted palace near<br />
Died the sound of royal cheer;<br />
And they crossed themselves for fear,<br />
All the Knights at Camelot;<br />
But Lancelot mused a little space<br />
He said, "She has a lovely face;<br />
God in his mercy lend her grace,<br />
The Lady of Shalott."</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>Mary B.http://www.blogger.com/profile/13259649314364029878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-81410121230043865592012-04-26T18:31:00.001-07:002012-04-26T18:31:38.602-07:00We're still in the Early Medieval Period<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">It’s
Thursday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have been studying the
Early Medieval Period since about the beginning of March and are still finding myriad
books to read/review with each other. The beauty is we all seem to find
different information to present to the group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where do we find them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the public library, book stores, discount
book stores, second-hand stores, personal collections, and on line; wherever one
finds books. We bring the books on our Thursday meeting days to share and this is today's share:</span></div>
<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">An Introduction
to Celtic Mythology</span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">
by David Bellingham.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This book not only
tells folk tales, but has images of artwork of the period.</span><br />
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The Book
of Kells</span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> by Charles Gidley.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s a book showing actual images of each
page of this magnificent manuscript.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
of the most renowned pages is of the Chi-ro-iota.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is like a chapter introduction to the text
that follows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actually, The Book of
Kells is a translation of the four Gospels in the Bible’s New Testament written in old
English.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I saw this book when in Dublin, Ireland, over 25 years ago and I didn't know what I was seeing, just that it was beautiful and fascinating. Now I know!</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK4uEdoECiScIu2ODOvNR4OxIAocYD_xrIAlc82Z8Bqy8SDpqlX3rHSJG4z0PoKPs1xGE_bASp5jDgogBV0l-mfdCAeL332HpDrjNTq2NIRiwThr6vmOXxIDjXli4ySMHRN64ftxC-pG4/s1600/Chi_ro_iota.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK4uEdoECiScIu2ODOvNR4OxIAocYD_xrIAlc82Z8Bqy8SDpqlX3rHSJG4z0PoKPs1xGE_bASp5jDgogBV0l-mfdCAeL332HpDrjNTq2NIRiwThr6vmOXxIDjXli4ySMHRN64ftxC-pG4/s320/Chi_ro_iota.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Early Medieval
Art</span></u><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">by
Ernst Ketzinger, Revised Edition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
are great images and explanations of this period’s art.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Celtic,
Viking & Anglo-Saxon Embroidery</span></u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">
by Jan Messent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this book, she “. . .
combines contemporary interpretations of ancient art and embroideries with
historical narrative.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Our “group
read” is progressing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Currently it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>The Mists of Avalon</u></i></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">a novel
by Marion Zimmer Bradley. She relates Arthurian legends from the perspective of
the female characters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s nice to get
a different point of view from the King Arthur legend. Reading fiction or
historical fiction is a great way to get perspective on culture and historical
context in a particular period of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I feel like I can almost “walk-in-their-shoes” for a time by taking
advantage of the author’s research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
way to do this would be to Google a word or place you find in a book that is
unfamiliar or curious and see where it takes you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll
reveal a few of my revelations in future posts.</span></span><br />
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<span class="st"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Mary B.</span></span><br />Tag Fivehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09294124628958701964noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5070908463306798349.post-83958297517901911402012-04-20T21:52:00.001-07:002012-04-20T21:54:54.744-07:00Welcome to our blog!<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">We are a group of five women that meet every Thursday morning at a cozy coffee shop to study art history. We began meeting weekly about 3 years ago with the stipulation that our class be serious, flexible, and broad enough to include literature, architecture, music and anything that was considered "art" not just fine art. We will do our best to recapture our timeline of the last three years, then move forward from our current studies. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">This is still an exciting journey for all of us and we hope to inspire your own art history awakening!</span>Tag Fivehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09294124628958701964noreply@blogger.com0